生物谷综合:台湾媒体报道,台“中央研究院”基因体研究中心(基因组研究中心)有新突破,最新研究发现新抗癌醣脂质的前驱物α-GalCer可提升抗癌细胞免疫力。
传统化学抗癌药物多采抑制细胞生长策略,结果通常会产生抗药性或引发副作用;“中研院”这次的研究是针对提升免疫的“T细胞”所设计的新颖抗癌疗法的研究,采取的策略是引发患者自身的自然免疫的抵抗力,因此副作用的顾虑就少很多。
1995年,日本的一家制造啤酒的公司,发表一种由天然海绵所提炼出的一种醣脂成份( α-GalactosylCeramide,简称α-GalCer)的药物,证明能在患癌小鼠身上刺激其自然免疫的杀手T细胞(Natural Killer T Cell)与癌细胞对抗。该药物在经过一系列临床前的实验,进入第一期的人体临床实验,证明对人体无害;不幸的,这个药物在人体内并没有明显的疗效,原因是该药物在提升抗癌细胞的免疫力的同时,也相对的提升了抑制性的免疫反应,因此产生了矛盾的抵消作用。
中研院基因体研究中心的团队,根据α-GalCer的化学成份结构,先由翁启惠实验室运用计算机仿真设计并合成出四十余种醣化合物,在原结构的尾端加上芳香族环等结构,使之不但继承α-GalCer的抗癌性,而且证实与CD1d分子的结合力变得更高,因此推测这类的醣化合物可提升抗癌细胞免疫力。
在这个任务完成之后,接着,再由陈铃津实验室作生物体的实验,并由此挑选具较强提升免疫反应之化合物。
陈铃津实验室团队由张雅贞博士后研究员等进行一系列的体外与活体实验。首先,用人体自然杀手T细胞与树突细胞,和这四十余种化合物作用,以筛选出其中较能提升免疫反应的醣脂质。结果证明该群化合物内数种醣脂质,能够引发人类自然杀手T细胞导向更强的Th1反应。此外更利用小鼠活体实验,证实此类化合物在小鼠体内可有效刺激免疫反应。
接着,团队又在患有肺癌及乳癌的小鼠体内作抗癌功能性的实验。结果显示,罹患肺癌的小鼠在用新的醣脂质治疗后,与原始的α-GalCer相比,存活期有显著的延长,且与对照组小鼠相比,明显较为健康。另外与罹患乳癌的对照组小鼠比较,接受新的醣脂质治疗后的小鼠肿瘤生长速度降低了75%,且肿瘤尺寸显著变小。
陈铃津表示,传统化学抗癌药物多采抑制细胞生长的策略,结果通常会产生抗药性或引发副作用;这个针对“NK细胞”所设计的新颖抗癌疗法的研究,采取的策略是引发患者自身的自然免疫的抵抗力,因此副作用的顾虑就少很多了。
这个创新的研究显示,科学方法已可针对自然免疫力作精密的调节,使用借力使力的方法达到治疗的目的。该成果不但先于本周(6月11日)于美国国家科学院期刊的网站发表(Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences Online Early Edition),并且由中研院申请专利权中,为免疫疗法的药物开发带来新希望。
原始出处:
Published online before print June 12, 2007
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0703824104
Chemistry
Medical Sciences
Potent immune-modulating and anticancer effects of NKT cell stimulatory glycolipids
( antigen presentation | CD1 | -galactosylceramide )
Ya-Jen Chang *, Jing-Rong Huang *, Yi-Chien Tsai *, Jung-Tung Hung *, Douglass Wu , Masakazu Fujio , Chi-Huey Wong *¶, and Alice L. Yu *¶
*Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; and Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
Contributed by Chi-Huey Wong, April 27, 2007 (sent for review February 24, 2007)
Abstract
-Galactosylceramide (-GalCer), a glycolipid that stimulates natural killer T (NKT) cells to produce both T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines, has shown antitumor effects in mice but failed in clinical trials. We evaluated 16 analogs of -GalCer for their CD1-mediated T cell receptor (TCR) activation of naïve human NKT cells and their anticancer efficacy. In vitro, glycolipids containing an aromatic ring in their acyl tail or sphingosine tail were more effective than -GalCer in inducing Th1 cytokines/chemokines, TCR activation, and human NKT cell expansion. None of these glycolipids could directly stimulate human dendritic cell maturation, except for a glycolipid with an aromatic ring on the sphingosine tail. Here, we show that glycolipids activated the TCR of NKT cells with phosphorylation of CD3, ERK1/2, or CREB, which correlated with their induction of Th1 cytokines. Notably, the extent of NKT cell activation when glycolipid was presented by antigen-presenting cells was greater than when glycolipid was presented by non-antigen-presenting cells. In vivo, in mice bearing breast or lung cancers, the glycolipids that induced more Th1-biased cytokines and CD8/CD4 T cells displayed significantly greater anticancer potency