生物谷报道:卵巢癌是女性生殖器官常见的肿瘤之一,发病率仅次于子宫颈癌和子宫体癌而列居第三位。美国宾西法尼亚州医学院的一个研究队伍发现,细胞中的一种“交警”蛋白可能具有一种更为重要的功能——运输一种告诉细胞核的中细胞器终止细胞生长的信使蛋白。该蛋白质的这种新功能的发现可能有助于研究人员开放出新的卵巢癌诊断攻击和早期治疗。
宾州的这个由药理学教授Kathleen M. Mulder博士领导的研究组目前正在研究这种叫做交警蛋白的km23蛋白质的正常功能。该研究组之前的研究发现在42%的妇女卵巢癌肿瘤样本中存在该蛋白质的一种变异形式。
研究人员在正常的人类组织中并没有发现这种变异体蛋白形式的踪影,这意味着km23变异可能是卵巢癌发生的一种诊断指示剂,并且km23蛋白质本身可能就是一个癌症治疗靶标。
Km23是一种叫做TGF的生长因子信号系统的一部分,它能够与细胞膜上的TGF受体相结合。这种结合能活化km23蛋白。这项研究的结果发表在近期的Journal of Biological Chemistry杂志上。
Km23就好像一个交警一样,当细胞中特定蛋白质在微管“高速路”上运动时指挥交通。
在这项新的研究中,研究组发现抑制km23在TGF信号系统中的功能时会干扰将信号成分运送到细胞核中的过程。最终,这种干扰会导致信号成分的降解,并且减少细胞核中基因的表达。
研究人员可以利用这种干扰正常km23功能的结果作为了解卵巢癌细胞中蛋白质发生了什么问题的重要线索。下一步,研究人员就开始研发药物、靶向这种蛋白质的非正常功能了。
卵巢癌的发病率虽然次于子宫颈癌和子宫体癌,但因卵巢癌致死者,却占各类妇科肿瘤的首位,对妇女生命造成严重威胁。由于卵巢的胚胎发育,组织解剖及内分泌功能较复杂,它所患的肿瘤可能是良性或恶性。因卵巢癌临床早期无症状,鉴别其组织类型及良、恶性相当困难,卵巢癌行剖腹探查术中发现肿瘤局限于卵巢的仅占30%,大多数已扩散到子宫,双侧附件,大网膜及盆腔各器官,所以卵巢癌无论在诊断和治疗上确是一大难题。多年来专家们对卵巢恶性肿瘤的病理形态,临床发生发展规律及治疗方案进行了许多的探讨,积累了大量的经验,到目前为止,就国内外临床资料统计,其五年生存率仅25%~30%。
恶性卵巢肿瘤早期多无自觉症状,出现症状时往往病情已到晚期。由于肿瘤生长迅速短期内可有腹胀,腹部肿块及腹水。当肿瘤向周围组织浸润或压迫神经时,可引起腹痛、腰痛或坐骨神经痛,若压迫盆腔静脉,可出现下肢浮肿,一般不引起月经紊乱,若双侧卵巢均被癌组织破坏,可引起月经失调和闭经。此外,若为功能性肿瘤,可产生相应的雌激素或雄激素过多的症状。如:引起性早期功能失调性子宫出血,绝经后阴道出血或出现男性化征象。晚期病人则表现明显消瘦,严重贫血等恶病质现象。妇科检查时可在阴道后穹窿触及散在的坚硬结节、肿块多为双侧性,实质性、表面凹凸不平,固定不动,常伴有血性腹水。有时在腹股沟,腋下或锁骨上可触及肿大的淋巴结。
原始出处:
J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 282, Issue 26, 19122-19132, June 29, 2007
Requirement for the Dynein Light Chain km23-1 in a Smad2-dependent Transforming Growth Factor- Signaling Pathway*
Qunyan Jin, Wei Ding, and Kathleen M. Mulder1
From the Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
We have identified km23-1 as a novel transforming growth factor- (TGF) receptor (TR)-interacting protein that is also a light chain of the motor protein dynein (dynein light chain). Herein, we demonstrate by sucrose gradient analyses that, in the presence of TGF but not in the absence, km23-1 was present in early endosomes with the TRs. Further, confocal microscopy studies indicate that endogenous km23-1 was co-localized with endogenous Smad2 at early times after TGF treatment, prior to Smad2 translocation to the nucleus. In addition, immunoprecipitation/blot analyses showed that TGF regulated the interaction between endogenous km23-1 and endogenous Smad2 in vivo. Blockade of km23-1 using a small interfering RNA approach resulted in a reduction in both total intracellular Smad2 levels and in nuclear levels of phosphorylated Smad2 after TGF treatment. This decrease was reversed by lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the 26 S proteasome, suggesting that knockdown of km23-1 causes proteasomal degradation of phosphorylated (i.e. activated) Smad2. Blockade of km23-1 also resulted in a reduction in TGF/Smad2-dependent ARE-Lux transcriptional activity, which was rescued by a km23-1 small interfering RNA-resistant construct. In contrast, a reduction in TGF/Smad3-dependent SBE2-Luc transcriptional activity did not occur under similar conditions. Furthermore, overexpression of the dynactin subunit dynamitin, which is known to disrupt dynein-mediated intracellular transport, blocked TGF-stimulated nuclear translocation of Smad2. Collectively, our findings indicate for the first time that a dynein light chain is required for a Smad2-dependent TGF signaling pathway.