一项新的女性宫颈癌筛查技术--careHPV,将有望在发展中国家得到广泛应用。
著名医学杂志《柳叶刀-肿瘤学》(The Lancet Oncology)10月刊上发表的一份研究指出,一种名为careHPV的宫颈癌筛查技术在检测宫颈癌时的准确率达到90%。
该项技术是由总部位于美国的非营利机构PATH(适宜卫生科技组织)和一家名为QIAGEN的实验室器材公司合作,专门为全球缺乏医疗资源的地区开发的一种新型的人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 检测法。
来自中国医学科学院的乔友林教授和他的同事们,采用三种方法——HPV快速筛查法(careHPV),醋酸染色后观察法(VIA),以及杂交捕获二代技术检测(HC2)法对来自中国山西省农村的2388名30-54岁妇女进行了对比检测。
结果表明,HPV快速筛查技术,识别宫颈癌与高度病变的敏感度和特异度,都大大优于醋酸染色后观察法,并与杂交捕获二代技术的检测准确度相差不大。
报告指出,careHPV可以检测出14种不同的HPV(乳头状瘤病毒),被检测者在两个半小时就能获知结果--这意味着测试和治疗可以在同一天进行。同时,这种方法操作简便,乡村卫生员只需经过基本训练,就能很好地掌握,而且,在没有水电的情况下也可操作。
“这种筛查技术所能检测到的高度不典型增生(high—grade dysplasia)是细胞检测法和醋酸染色后观察法的两倍,如果这项技术的价格对相关政府来说划算的话,那么这项技术将有很大的优势”。作者之一,加拿大麦克马斯特大学的教授John W. Sellors告诉科学与发展网络。
Sellors 指出, 在不发达地区开展相关的测试活动,少不了地方政府的帮助和配合,而重中之重就是要提高农村30岁及以上妇女的意识。“(在发展中国家)推广这项技术的最大难题就是要让各个国家的健康政策制定者认识到宫颈癌的各种不同筛查方法,以及这些方法的性价比和适用性。”
PATH将在印度、尼加拉瓜和乌干达开展一个5年研究项目,将HPV快速筛查(careHPV)法与醋酸染色后观察法(VIA)和细胞学检测法进行对比,以便让决策者根据相关的实证数据做出选择。
全世界85%的宫颈癌死亡事例发生在发展中国家,而这主要是由于这些地区缺少有效的筛查和治疗宫颈癌的措施所致。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Lancet Oncology 2008; 9:929-936 DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70210-9
A new HPV-DNA test for cervical-cancer screening in developing regions: a cross-sectional study of clinical accuracy in rural China
Prof You-lin Qiao MD, Prof John W Sellors MD, Paul S Eder PhD, Yan-ping Bao PhD, Jeanette M Lim MPH, Fang-hui Zhao MD, Bernhard Weigl PhD, Wen-hua Zhang MD, Roger B Peck BS , Ling Li MD, Feng Chen BS, Qing-jing Pan MD and Prof Attila T Lorincz PhD
Summary
Background
A new test (careHPV; QIAGEN, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) has been developed to detect 14 high-risk types of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) in about 2·5 h, to screen women in developing regions for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We did a cross-sectional study to assess the clinical accuracy of careHPV as a rapid screening test in two county hospitals in rural China.
Methods
From May 10 to June 15, 2007, the careHPV test was done locally by use of self-obtained vaginal and provider-obtained cervical specimens from a screening population-based set of 2530 women aged 30 to 54 years in Shanxi province, China. All women were assessed by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Digene High-Risk HPV HC2 DNA Test (HC2), liquid-based cytology, and colposcopy with directed biopsy and endocervical curettage as necessary. In 2388 women with complete data, 441 women with negative colposcopy, but unsatisfactory or abnormal cytology or who were positive on HC2 or the new careHPV test, were recalled for a second colposcopy, four-quadrant cervical biopsies, and endocervical curettage. An absence of independence between the tests was not adjusted for and the Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons.