据11月5日刊JAMA上的一则研究披露,每日服用一种包括叶酸、维生素B6及维生素B12的联合补充剂对总体的罹患癌症(其中包括对具有罹患心血管疾病的高风险妇女的乳腺癌发病率)的风险没有显著的效果。
叶酸、维生素B6及维生素B12(皆为水溶性必需B族维生素)被认为在预防癌症上扮演着一种重要的角色。文章的作者写道:“强化食物基础供应中的叶酸(一种合成形式的叶酸)含量是在1998年在美国开始实行的一项旨在减少神经管缺陷的政策。该政策改善了叶酸在一般人群中的地位。目前,美国成年人中大约有1/3在服用含有叶酸、维生素B6及维生素B12的多种维生素补充剂。”来自随机性的单独叶酸试验或叶酸加上维生素B的试验在有关影响癌症风险上的数据非常有限,而且并非完全一致,其中有一项试验甚至还引起人们对其有害作用的担心。
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston的Shumin M. Zhang, M.D., Sc.D.及其同僚开展了一项试验,旨在评估叶酸、维生素B6及维生素B12的联合疗法对具有心血管疾病高风险的妇女的罹患癌症风险的影响。在这一叫做Women’s Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study的研究中,共有5442名年龄在42岁或以上的美国医务界的职业女性,她们有着先前存在的心血管性疾病或3种或以上的冠心病风险因子。这些人被随机分配到或是一个每日服用叶酸(2.5毫克)、维生素B6(50毫克)及维生素B12(1毫克)的联合用药组(n = 2,721),或是被分派到一个匹配的安慰剂组(n = 2,721)中。这些人接受了从1998年的4月直到2005年的7月的7.3年的治疗。
文章的作者写道:“共有379名妇女罹患了浸润型癌(其中187人来自积极治疗组,192人来自安慰剂组)。与安慰剂比较,那些接受了积极治疗的妇女与接受安慰剂妇女具有相似的整体浸润型癌症、乳腺癌或任何种类癌症的死亡风险。”按照目前服用多种维生素补充剂的作法,摄入叶酸、维生素B6及维生素B12的总量与病人具有基线的癌症史等都没有什么差别。这种缺乏对整体浸润型癌的效应不会随着时间而改变。
年龄显著地改变了B族维生素联合治疗对整体浸润型癌症和乳腺癌风险的作用。在年龄65岁或以上的妇女中,人们观察到整体浸润型癌症和乳腺癌的风险在进入研究的时候显著减少,但是在较为年轻的妇女中(40-54岁或55-64岁)则没有这种风险的减少。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
JAMA. 2008;300(17):2012-2021.
Effect of Combined Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 on Cancer Risk in Women
Shumin M. Zhang, MD, ScD; Nancy R. Cook, ScD; Christine M. Albert, MD, MPH; J. Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH; Julie E. Buring, ScD; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH
Context Folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 are thought to play an important role in cancer prevention.
Objective To evaluate the effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 treatment on cancer risk in women at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
Design, Setting, and Participants In the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study, 5442 US female health professionals aged 42 years or older, with preexisting cardiovascular disease or 3 or more coronary risk factors, were randomly assigned to receive either a daily combination of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 or a matching placebo. They were treated for 7.3 years from April 1998 through July 31, 2005.
Intervention Daily supplementation of a combination of 2.5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B6, and 1 mg of vitamin B12 (n = 2721) or placebo (n = 2721).
Main Outcome Measures Confirmed newly diagnosed total invasive cancer or breast cancer.
Results A total of 379 women developed invasive cancer (187 in the active treatment group and 192 in the placebo group). Compared with placebo, women receiving the active treatment had similar risk of developing total invasive cancer (101.1/10 000 person-years for the active treatment group vs 104.3/10 000 person-years for placebo group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-1.18; P = .75), breast cancer (37.8/10 000 person-years vs 45.6/10 000 person-years, respectively; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.60-1.14; P = .24), or any cancer death (24.6/10 000 person-years vs 30.1/10 000 person-years, respectively; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.56-1.21; P = .32).
Conclusion Combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 treatment had no significant effect on overall risk of total invasive cancer or breast cancer among women during the folic acid fortification era.