美国研究人员称,他们发现名为MTDH的基因在乳腺癌患者体内起关键作用,其增加了癌细胞扩散的几率并且能够抵抗化疗。有关专家指出,针对该基因研发新药物将具有广阔前景。相关研究成果发表在1月5日出版的《癌细胞》杂志上。
阻止癌细胞扩散相当重要。研究显示,在癌细胞没有扩散的病人中,超过98%的病人能存活5年以上,而在癌细胞已经扩散的病人中,只有27%的人能够存活。
美国新泽西癌症研究院的米歇尔·雷斯和普林斯顿大学的康一斌(音)采用了几种方法来寻找使肿瘤扩散的基因,他们调用了庞大的肿瘤细胞数据库,发现身患严重乳腺癌的病人体内,其8号人类染色体的一小部分被重复了多次。一般来说,大多数正常DNA序列的一个基因仅仅有2个副本,但这部分基因的副本多达8个。
接着,研究人员分析了采自于250个病人的乳腺癌基因样本,以寻找其中的遗传变异。研究发现,在富有攻击力的肿瘤中,其MTDH基因过度活跃或被过度表达。该基因不仅能使肿瘤细胞紧紧地附着在发病区域附近器官的血管上,还能大大减弱抗癌药物的作用使肿瘤细胞产生耐药性。
研究人员接着在实验鼠身上注射了采自于具有该基因变异病人的肿瘤细胞,发现老鼠体内出现了会扩散的肿瘤,这些肿瘤也抑制了传统的化疗药物如紫杉醇的治疗效果。
但当研究人员对这些肿瘤进行遗传修改,抑制了MTDH基因后,肿瘤细胞不再扩散并且对化学疗法不再有抵抗力。研究人员说,MTDH可能在包括前列腺癌在内的许多其他类癌症中也起主要作用。
研究人员希望,他们的发现将有助于开发出不仅能阻止肿瘤细胞扩散而且对治疗反应更好的药物。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Cancer Cell,Volume 15, Issue 1, 9-20,Michael Reiss,Yibin Kang
MTDH Activation by 8q22 Genomic Gain Promotes Chemoresistance and Metastasis of Poor-Prognosis Breast Cancer
Guohong Hu1,Robert A. Chong1,6,Qifeng Yang2,6,7,Yong Wei1,Mario A. Blanco1,Feng Li1,Michael Reiss3,4,Jessie L.-S. Au5,Bruce G. Haffty2andYibin Kang1,4,,
1 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
3 Department of Internal Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
4 Breast Cancer Program, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
5 College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
6 These authors contributed equally to this work
7 Present address: Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
Summary
Targeted therapy for metastatic diseases relies on the identification of functionally important metastasis genes from a large number of random genetic alterations. Here we use a computational algorithm to map minimal recurrent genomic alterations associated with poor-prognosis breast cancer. 8q22 genomic gain was identified by this approach and validated in an extensive collection of breast tumor samples. Regional gain of 8q22 elevates expression of the metastasis gene metadherin (MTDH), which is overexpressed in more than 40% of breast cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Functional characterization of MTDH revealed its dual role in promoting metastatic seeding and enhancing chemoresistance. These findings establish MTDH as an important therapeutic target for simultaneously enhancing chemotherapy efficacy and reducing metastasis risk.