美国研究者周二表示，因BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变而具有癌症高风险的女性，在做了卵巢和输卵管切除手术後，患卵巢癌和输卵管癌的风险将减少80%， 但她们仍有可能患乳腺癌。
研究者从此前的研究报告中搜集数据，发现手术能将女性患乳腺癌的几率减少50%，但女性患卵巢癌或输卵管癌症的几率只能减少80%，因为即使将这些器官切除，还会残存一些组织细胞，仍有病变危险。
此篇研究报告发表在《美国国家癌症研究院期刊》上。“只要很少的细胞就能导致卵巢癌。”文章作者、宾夕法尼亚大学的Timothy Rebbeck在接受采访时说，“虽然风险被大大降低了，但还是存在。此前的研究显示，手术能够去除95%或100%的病变风险，但事实并非如此。”
研究表明，那些BRCA1和BRCA2基因出现突变的女性，其中有些人手术做得太晚，而主刀医生也应该确保在手术中切除全部卵巢和输卵管细胞。
研究者认为，此项研究提出了如何降低患病风险的问题，解决之道是提高手术技术，或提早做手术。
Rebbeck说：“有力证据表明，手术还是有效果的。女性患者需要做手术，而且要做得正确。”（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原始出处：
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, doi:10.1093/jnci/djn442
Meta-analysis of Risk Reduction Estimates Associated With Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Timothy R. Rebbeck, Noah D. Kauff, Susan M. Domchek
Affiliations of authors: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (TRR), Abramson Cancer Center (TRR, SMD), Department of Medicine (SMD), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine (NDK), Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery (NDK), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
Background: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is widely used by carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations to reduce their risks of breast and ovarian cancer. To guide women and their clinicians in optimizing cancer prevention strategies, we summarized the magnitude of the risk reductions in women with BRCA1/2 mutations who have undergone RRSO compared with those who have not.
Methods: All reports of RRSO and breast and/or ovarian or fallopian tube cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers published between 1999 and 2007 were obtained from a PubMed search. Hazard ratio (HR) estimates were identified directly from the original articles. Pooled results were computed from nonoverlapping studies by fixed-effects meta-analysis.
Results: Ten studies investigated breast or gynecologic cancer outcomes in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who had undergone RRSO. Breast cancer outcomes were investigated in three nonoverlapping studies of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, four of BRCA1 mutation carriers, and three of BRCA2 mutation carriers. Gynecologic cancer outcomes were investigated in three nonoverlapping studies of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and one of BRCA1 mutation carriers. RRSO was associated with a statistically significant reduction in risk of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (HR = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37 to 0.65). Similar risk reductions were observed in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.64) and in BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.84). RRSO was also associated with a statistically significant reduction in the risk of BRCA1/2-associated ovarian or fallopian tube cancer (HR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.39). Data were insufficient to obtain separate estimates for ovarian or fallopian tube cancer risk reduction with RRSO in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.
Conclusion: The summary estimates presented here indicate that RRSO is strongly associated with reductions in the risk of breast, ovarian, and fallopian tube cancers and should provide guidance to women in planning cancer risk reduction strategies.
