近日,由美国国家癌症研究所(美国国立卫生研究院的一部分)的研究人员进行的研究发现个体遗传与化疗反应间的联系。研究显示位于SOD2基因的遗传变异,可能会影响个体对用于治疗乳腺癌和其他癌症的化疗药物环磷酰胺的反应。
SOD2基因可产生一种重要蛋白质,这种蛋白质可以保护细胞免受被称为活性氧物质,或自由基的分子的损害。活性氧物质可由正常细胞代谢过程和一些化疗药物反应过程产生。这项发现为乳腺癌化疗时环磷酰胺耐药的患者提供了初步的耐药机制和可能的生物标志物。网上发表于2009年6月9日的临床癌症研究。
癌症研究中心的作者Sharon Glynn博士说:“这项研究显示,人们有可能研究出一种新的诊断方法,可以检测患者是否存在某些可能改变化疗效果的基因变异,并有利于个体化治疗方案的进展。”
同时,癌症研究中心的资深作者Stefan Ambs 补充说:“将来,这种检测方法可用于指导存在SOD2基因变异患者的治疗,以确保他们得到比以环磷酰胺为基础治疗更有效的治疗方法。
人体细胞中的大多数基因存在两套拷贝:一套是来自于母亲的遗留,一套是来自于父亲的遗传,这些基因拷贝彼此不同。一些基因变异在基因表达或者蛋白质功能方面发挥重要作用。
研究人员证实,SOD2基因的变异可以影响其编码的被称为锰超氧化物岐化酶(MnSOD)的蛋白质的结构和功能,影响MnSOD向细胞内正常位置的转运和活性水平。正常情况下MnSOD存在于细胞内的线粒体内,保护细胞免受在细胞代谢过程中产生的自由基的损害。过多的自由基可以损伤细胞,而一些抗癌药物确实是依靠增加自由基的产量来杀灭癌细胞,此外,一些研究表明,由于MnSOD能中和自由基,因此能够改变化疗药物的作用。例如,在实验室和动物实验中,MnSOD活性增加可以帮助细胞抵抗一种广泛使用的抗癌药物——阿霉素的毒性作用。
在这项新研究中,研究小组研究这种基因变异是否会影响两组不同乳腺癌妇女的生存:248美国妇女和340名挪威妇女。其中一些妇女接受化疗,一些没有接受化疗。该小组首先分析这些妇女的DNA,以确定她们的基因型,即她们具有哪种类型的SOD2基因。研究人员发现,在接受化疗的患者中,那些具有一种基因型的患者生存下降,具有另一种基因型的患者生存更差。相比之下,在没有接受化疗的患者中,SOD2基因型对生存没有影响。
接下来,研究小组研究了SOD2基因型和妇女接受化疗药种类的关系。数据分析了三种常用化疗药物:阿霉素,5-氟尿嘧啶,或环磷酰胺。阿霉素和环磷酰胺在治疗过程中都在癌细胞内产生自由基。研究人员发现,有一种特殊的变异与那些应用包含上述三种化疗药任何一种化疗方案的患者的生存下降有关,对应用环磷酰胺的影响最显著。那些具有SOD2基因明显变异并接受含有环磷酰胺化疗方案的妇女生存最差。
研究小组表示,还需要做更多的工作来证实这些研究结果和进一步探索基因型影响癌细胞对环磷酰胺反应的精确机制。该研究小组还计划研究几种变异对其他化疗抵抗的影响。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Clinical Cancer Research, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0119
A Mitochondrial Target Sequence Polymorphism in Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Predicts Inferior Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Cyclophosphamide
Sharon A. Glynn 1, 3, Brenda J. Boersma 1, Tiffany M. Howe 1, Hege Edvardsen 4, Stephanie B. Geisler 8, Julie E. Goodman 9, Lisa A. Ridnour 2, Per E. L?nning 8, Anne-Lise B?rresen-Dale 4, 5, Bjorn Naume 6, Vessela N. Kristensen 4, 7, Stephen J. Chanock 10, David A. Wink 2, and Stefan Ambs 1*
Authors' Affiliations: 1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis and 2Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research and 3Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of Preventive Oncology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; 4Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, 5Faculty of Medicine, and 6Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital; 7Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 8Section of Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 9Gradient Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and 10Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, Maryland
Purpose: Manganese superoxide dismutase protects against oxidative damage and modulates the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in codon 16 of SOD2 (rs4880), which encodes manganese superoxide dismutase, results in a substitution of valine by alanine (Val16Ala). We hypothesized that this single-nucleotide polymorphism affects breast cancer survival of patients receiving chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Two patient populations from the United States (n = 248) and Norway (n = 340) were genotyped for Val16Ala. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between Val16Ala and disease-specific survival.
Results: Val16Ala was significantly associated with breast cancer outcome in both patient populations. Carriers of the Ala allele had inferior survival rates in the multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR), 2.44 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.11-5.37 in U.S. cohort; HR, 1.91 and 95% CI, 1.06-3.45 in Norway cohort for Ala/Ala versus Val/Val]. In an analysis of the combined cohorts, this association was significant for patients receiving adjuvant therapy (HR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.46-4.19), but not for patients without it (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.57-3.74). After further stratification by type of chemotherapy, the effect of the Ala allele was mostly restricted to cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy regimens (HR, 22.0; 95% CI, 5.22-92.9; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val).
Conclusion: The Val16Ala polymorphism affects survival of patients receiving cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy. The findings provide the first evidence pointing toward a mechanism for cyclophosphamide resistance in breast cancer patients.