加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学研究人员发现,情绪消沉或可增加癌症患者死亡率。但科学家称情绪消沉癌症患者不应为此惊慌,因为了解二者关系有待更多研究。
死亡率增加
科学家发现,情绪消沉或有抑郁症的癌症患者死亡率比精神状况良好的癌症患者死亡率高。
在针对9417名癌症患者的26项独立研究中,有抑郁症征兆的癌症患者死亡率比精神状况良好患者死亡率高25%;确诊抑郁症的癌症患者死亡率比精神状况良好患者死亡率高39%。
研究人员在动物实验中发现,压力对肿瘤生长及癌细胞扩散均有影响。这表明消沉情绪或许会影响到人体激素水平和免疫系统,另外,消极情绪使癌症病人不愿配合治疗可能也是他们死亡率增高原因之一。
“我认为人们应该认真对待情绪消沉,”研究负责人吉莉安·萨坦对美联社记者说,“希望这一研究结果能促使人们在传统癌症治疗中加入心理社会治疗。”
相关研究报告14日发表在美国《癌症》杂志上。
走出误区
尽管研究结果揭示患者情绪与癌症死亡率存在一定关系,但萨坦称研究结果并不说明消沉情绪本身会导致死亡。
“我们的研究不是为了告诉人们消沉情绪本身会导致死亡,我们只是说这是一种可能,”萨坦说。她反对人们把研究结果与癌症患者死亡率绝对地联系在一起。
“我知道人们想知道具体数字,但是数字会带来误区,”萨坦说,“人们会以为,被确诊癌症后,随之产生的消极情绪与患者病情有必然联系。”
“心理状态影响肿瘤的理论眼下得到众多肿瘤专家和公众认可,85%的癌症患者和71.4%的肿瘤专家认为心理因素影响肿瘤生长和扩散,”萨坦说。此次研究目的只为探究情绪是否如众多肿瘤专家和大众所认为的那样,可以影响肿瘤生长扩散。如同先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题一样,有人认为人们因为得了癌症才变得情绪消沉;另一部分人则认为消极情绪使癌症患者死亡率增加。
及时治疗
相关研究显示,与癌症死亡率相比,消沉情绪对心脏病患者死亡率影响更大。消除临床因素影响,情绪消沉的心脏病患者死亡率是普通心脏病患者的两倍。
“虽然消沉情绪可增加癌症患者死亡风险,但必须说明的是,这一增加的死亡风险其实微乎其微,”萨坦说,“所以癌症患者如果有抑郁症症状不必惊慌。但是我们建议患者与主治医生交流自己的精神健康状况。”
“这项研究提醒人们关注癌症患者的精神健康,为有情绪消沉倾向患者及时提供治疗,”英国癌症研究会的朱利·夏普说。
她同时强调,研究对象死亡率的变化可能由其他因素引起,因为目前还有很多未解之谜。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Cancer 14 Sep 2009
Depression as a predictor of disease progression and mortality in cancer patients
A Meta-Analysis
Jillian R. Satin, MA *, Wolfgang Linden, PhD, Melanie J. Phillips, BSc
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
BACKGROUND:
Cancer patients and oncologists believe that psychological variables influence the course of cancer, but the evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis assessed the extent to which depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder predict disease progression and mortality in cancer patients.
METHODS:
Using the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE online databases, the authors identified prospective studies that examined the association between depressive symptoms or major/minor depression and risk of disease progression or mortality in cancer patients. Two raters independently extracted effect sizes using a random effects model.
RESULTS:
Based on 3 available studies, depressive symptoms were not shown to significantly predict cancer progression (risk ratio [RR] unadjusted = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-1.77; P = .28). Based on data from 25 independent studies, mortality rates were up to 25% higher in patients experiencing depressive symptoms (RR unadjusted = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.40; P < .001), and up to 39% higher in patients diagnosed with major or minor depression (RR unadjusted = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.89; P = .03). In support of a causal interpretation of results, there was no evidence that adjusting for known clinical prognostic factors diminished the effect of depression on mortality in cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
This meta-analysis presented reasonable evidence that depression predicts mortality, but not progression, in cancer patients. The associated risk was statistically significant but relatively small. The effect of depression remains after adjustment for clinical prognosticators, suggesting that depression may play a causal role. Recommendations were made for future research to more clearly examine the effect of depression on cancer outcomes. Cancer 2009.