美国研究人员7日说,与生活在族群中的小白鼠相比,那些孤独和精神压力大的小白鼠更容易罹患乳腺癌。这一研究表明,孤独对健康有很大影响。
主导这项研究的美国耶鲁大学研究员格蕾琴·赫米斯当天在接受路透社采访时说,她与芝加哥大学的玛莎·麦克林托克一起进行了这项研究,接受实验的小白鼠从一出生就被从族群中分离出来。两人经过研究发现,两组小白鼠都患上乳腺肿瘤,但被隔离的小白鼠比族群中的小白鼠患上乳腺肿瘤的风险高3倍,而且它们的肿瘤更多、更大,致命的可能性也更大。
赫米斯说,导致这种结果的首要原因是精神压力无法疏解,而此前的很多研究已表明,孤独感对人体健康有害。
研究显示,精神压力可引发人体致癌基因的生长。赫米斯和麦克林托克的研究证实了这一点,那些感到恐惧和焦虑的小白鼠更易患肿瘤,更易死亡。
她们发现,被隔离的小白鼠体内产生的一种压力荷尔蒙——肾上腺酮更多,而乳腺组织可接收这种压力荷尔蒙。赫米斯认为,这些压力荷尔蒙可能直接促进了乳腺肿瘤的生长。
麦克林托克表示,这些研究也许能帮助解释为什么生活在犯罪率高的社区的女性、特别是生活在这种环境中的黑人女性比其他女性罹患乳腺癌的时间更早。
她们的研究成果发表在美国《国家科学院学报》月刊上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PNAS May 18, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811949106
Peripheral tumors induce depressive-like behaviors and cytokine production and alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation
Leah M. Pyter,1, Vanessa Pineros, Jerome A. Galang, Martha K. McClintock and Brian J. Prendergast
Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
A strong and positive correlation exists between chronic disease and affective disorders, but the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship are not known. Here we show that rats with mammary cancer exhibit depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in the absence of overt sickness behaviors. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, known to induce depressive-like behaviors, was elevated in the periphery and in the hippocampus of rats with tumors compared with controls. In tumor-bearing rats, circulating corticosterone, which inhibits cytokine signaling, was suppressed following a stressor, and gene expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors was elevated. The results establish that tumors alone are sufficient to trigger changes in emotional behaviors. Dampened glucocorticoid responses to stressors may exacerbate the deleterious effects of tumor-induced cytokines on affective states.