法国国家科研中心研究人员最近开发出一种改善癌症治疗效果的新方法，其关键之处在于增强免疫细胞的抗癌能力。
这项研究由科研中心和居里大学等机构共同完成。研究人员在新一期《科学-转化医学》中报告说，大部分与骨髓或血液有关的癌症，都能通过更换骨髓等方法进行有效治疗，这种方法目前被人统称为“造血干细胞移植”，其捐献者既可以是患者的亲属，也可以是毫无血缘关系的志愿者。
据介绍，这种方法之所以有效，一方面是因为更换了发生病变的骨髓，另一方面是因为医生向病人体内注入了来自同一位捐赠者的免疫细胞，也就是淋巴细胞。但移植手术后，有的患者就此痊愈，但有的患者的癌细胞却发生了扩散。对此，法国研究人员开发了一种新疗法：对捐赠者的免疫细胞进行处理，将其中一些抑制抗癌细胞活性的“害群之马”清除出去，以增强整个躯体的抗癌能力。
为验证这种疗法的可靠性，研究人员对17名癌症患者进行了临床试验，其中三分之一受试者的病情有所缓解。(生物谷Bioon.com)
>>>借着上海世博会的良好契机，"第一届肿瘤基础和转化医学国际研讨会"将于2010年10月12日在中国上海盛大开幕，这将为广大活跃在肿瘤基础和转化医学第一线的科研工作者提供一个互动交流的平台。
会议官方网站：www.cancerasia.org
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Sci Transl Med. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001302 、
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Depletion Improves the Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect of Donor Lymphocytes After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Sébastien Maury1,2,*, Fran?ois M. Lemoine3,4, Yosr Hicheri1,2,?, Michelle Rosenzwajg3,4,?, Cécile Badoual5,6, Mustapha Chera?3,4, Jean-Louis Beaumont7, Nabih Azar3, Nathalie Dhedin8, Anne Sirvent9, Agnès Buzyn10, Marie-Thérèse Rubio10, Stéphane Vigouroux11, Olivier Montagne2,12, Dominique Bories1,2, Fran?oise Roudot-Thoraval2,13, Jean-Paul Vernant8, Catherine Cordonnier1,2, David Klatzmann3,4,? and José L. Cohen4,8,*?
Donor T cells play a pivotal role in the graft-versus-tumor effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may reduce alloreactivity, the major component of the graft-versus-tumor effect. In the setting of donor lymphocyte infusion after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we postulated that Treg depletion could improve alloreactivity and likewise the graft-versus-tumor effect of donor T cells. The safety and efficacy of Treg-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion was studied in 17 adult patients with malignancy relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. All but one had previously failed to respond to at least one standard donor lymphocyte infusion, and none had experienced graft-versus-host disease. Two of the 17 patients developed graft-versus-host disease after their first Treg-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion and experienced a long-term remission of their malignancy. Four of the 15 patients who did not respond after a first Treg-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion received a second Treg-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion combined with lymphodepleting chemotherapy aimed to also eliminate recipient Tregs. All four developed acute-like graft-versus-host disease that was associated with a partial or complete and durable remission. In the whole cohort, graft-versus-host disease induction through Treg depletion was associated with improved survival. These results suggest that Treg-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion is a safe, feasible approach that induces graft-versus-host or graft-versus-tumor effects in alloreactivity-resistant patients. In patients not responding to this approach, the combination of chemotherapy-induced lymphodepletion of the recipient synergizes with the effect of Treg-depleted donor lymphocyte infusion. These findings offer a rational therapeutic approach for cancer cellular immunotherapy.
