卵巢癌是女性生殖器官最常见的肿瘤之一,发病率仅次于子宫颈癌和子宫体癌而列居第三位。但因卵巢癌致死者,却占各类妇科肿瘤的首位,对妇女生命造成严重威胁。为了更好地了解疾病,并不断地改善治疗方案,研究人员一直致力于揭示基因组中基因失常导致恶性肿瘤的机制。
近日科学家们发现了一个年龄相关性的基因特异性DNA甲基化累积,并证实它可通过抑制一个关键性的细胞信号从而导致卵巢癌发生。这一发现对于未来卵巢癌的转译研究具有决定性的意义。研究论文在线发表在Genome Research杂志上。
DNA甲基化是指通过一种化学修饰作用导致基因沉默的现象。研究证实DNA甲基化可引起机体抑癌基因失活从而导致多种恶性肿瘤例如卵巢癌发生。然而一直以来科学家们对于整个癌症基因组中DNA甲基化的情况却了解得不是很清楚,从而阻碍了对于疾病生物学基础的理解。
在新研究中,由来自美国和日本的研究人员组成的一个国际研究小组利用转录子分析的方法对建系的卵巢癌细胞及原代培养的卵巢癌细胞进行了全基因组基因表达分析,寻找与疾病相关的DNA甲基化沉默的基因。然后研究人员在这些细胞中加入化学试剂处理阻断细胞中的DNA甲基化,再次分析了这些处理细胞的基因表达情况。通过这一策略研究人员在卵巢癌中鉴定了378个候选的甲基化基因。当研究人员开始着手研究恶性肿瘤中这些甲基化基因的功能时,发现了一条与卵巢癌生物学有关的线索。
“我们起初只是希望找到候选的甲基化基因,”论文的资深作者、杜克大学医学中心的研究员Susan Murphy说:“我们没有预料到我们会发现甲基化介导的基因失常与一条特异性的功能信号TGF-β信号途径有关。”
TGF-β信号是细胞内一条非常重要的信号途径,参与调控细胞生长和分化。在正常情况下它主要起抑制肿瘤生长的作用,而当TGF-β信号发生异常时就会促进肿瘤发生。在新研究中研究人员发现卵巢癌细胞中的TGF-β超家族基因发生了甲基化,从而导致了TGF-β信号抑制。Murphy和同事们还证实随着患者年龄增大TGF-β超家族基因甲基化程度亦增高,这表明基因特异性的甲基化可随着时间而发生累积。
Murphy说:“在新研究我们筛查出了多个甲基化的基因。在下一步的研究工作中我们研究焦点就是揭示这些基因在卵巢癌中的特异性作用,并基于我们的研究发现设计出卵巢癌的靶向性治疗策略。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Genome Research doi:10.1101/gr.108803.110
Epigenetic suppression of the TGF-beta pathway revealed by transcriptome profiling in ovarian cancer
Noriomi Matsumura1,2,7, Zhiqing Huang1,7, Seiichi Mori3,8, Tsukasa Baba1,2, Shingo Fujii4, Ikuo Konishi2, Edwin S. Iversen5, Andrew Berchuck1 and Susan K. Murphy1,6,9
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;
2Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
3Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;
4National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan;
5Department of Statistical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA;
6Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
?8 Present address: Genomic Oncology Program, Cancer Science Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies. Diagnosis usually occurs after metastatic spread, largely reflecting vague symptoms of early disease combined with lack of an effective screening strategy. Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, including DNA methylation, are fundamental to normal cellular function and also play a major role in carcinogenesis. To elucidate the biological and clinical relevance of DNA methylation in ovarian cancer, we conducted expression microarray analysis of 39 cell lines and 17 primary culture specimens grown in the presence or absence of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors. Two parameters, induction of expression and standard deviation among untreated samples, identified 378 candidate methylated genes, many relevant to TGF-beta signaling. We analyzed 43 of these genes and they all exhibited methylation. Treatment with DNMT inhibitors increased TGF-beta pathway activity. Hierarchical clustering of ovarian cancers using the 378 genes reproducibly generated a distinct gene cluster strongly correlated with TGF-beta pathway activity that discriminates patients based on age. These data suggest that accumulation of age-related epigenetic modifications leads to suppression of TGF-beta signaling and contributes to ovarian carcinogenesis.