神经胶质瘤和白血病是恶性程度最高的人类肿瘤之一,已对人类的生存造成极大威胁。复旦大学生物医学研究院博士研究生徐薇和杨辉,在该院分子细胞生物学研究室团队专家熊跃、管坤良和赵世民3位教授指导下,经潜心研究,终于发现一种名叫“2HG”的人体代谢物诱发神经胶质瘤和白血病的作用机制,这一新突破已于1月18日作为封面文章发表在肿瘤研究的国际顶级期刊《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)上。
课题领衔专家赵世民介绍,代谢是生命运转的基本过程。人体摄入的葡萄糖,在正常的情况下应该在体内被转化的能量,通过二氧化碳的方式排出,如果代谢不平衡,多余的葡萄糖从尿液里面排出,就形成糖尿病。肿瘤也是由于代谢不平衡产生的疾病。
在人体的每一个代谢步骤中,都需要酶的作用。此前的研究显示,一种异柠檬酸脱氢酶的基因变化,会产生一种名叫2HG的代谢物。当这种代谢垃圾积累到一定程度,就会引发代谢问题,促进正常细胞向癌细胞的转化。但2HG致癌的作用机制却是一个谜团,揭开这个谜团对于癌症、尤其是神经胶质瘤和白血病的发生及治疗具有重要作用。
赵世民教授(中)和他的研究团队成员徐薇(右2)、杨辉(左2)等在实验室
课题组在研究中发现,2HG的累积可以直接抑制人体内可控制多种细胞功能的生物酶。这种双加氧酶的活力降低后,会改变细胞的增殖和生长方式,进而诱发肿瘤。人细胞内的组蛋白甲基化水平高低是由组蛋白去甲基化酶的活力来控制,控制得好,人不会罹患癌症,反之,易患癌症。
《癌细胞》期刊表示,复旦大学生物医学研究院研究团队这一研究成果的重要性在于发现了以人体内“代谢物”为核心、众多双加氧酶参与、控制癌细胞发生和恶变的新途径。这一发现可能对寻找新的神经胶质瘤治疗靶点有积极的作用。
据专家介绍,神经胶质瘤治疗没有特效药,以手术治疗为主,这一研究为包括神经胶质瘤在内的多种人类肿瘤的药物治疗提供了新的靶点与干预方向。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Cancer Cell doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.014
Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate Is a Competitive Inhibitor of α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases
Wei Xu, Hui Yang, Ying Liu, Ying Yang, Ping Wang, Se-Hee Kim, Shinsuke Ito, Chen Yang, Pu Wang, Meng-Tao Xiao, Li-xia Liu, Wen-qing Jiang, Jing Liu, Jin-ye Zhang, Bin Wang, Stephen Frye, Yi Zhang, Yan-hui Xu, Qun-ying Lei, Kun-Liang Guan, Shi-min Zhao, Yue Xiong
Highlights
2-HG is a weak competitive inhibitor of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases
2-HG inhibits histone demethylases and TET 5-metyhlcytsine hydroxylases
Mutant IDH1 and 2-HG inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases
Mutant IDH1 and 2-HG alters genome-wide histone and DNA methylation
Summary
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations occur frequently in gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia, leading to simultaneous loss and gain of activities in the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), respectively. Here we demonstrate that 2-HG is a competitive inhibitor of multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. 2-HG occupies the same space as α-KG does in the active site of histone demethylases. Ectopic expression of tumor-derived IDH1 and IDH2 mutants inhibits histone demethylation and 5mC hydroxylation. In glioma, IDH1 mutations are associated with increased histone methylation and decreased 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC). Hence, tumor-derived IDH1 and IDH2 mutations reduce α-KG and accumulate an α-KG antagonist, 2-HG, leading to genome-wide histone and DNA methylation alterations.