3月14日,国际知名杂志《致癌基因》(Oncogene)发表了中国人民解放军总医院血液科和基础医学研究所的一篇研究性文章,在文章中研究人员利用microRNA-193a在急性骨髓性白血病(Acute myeloid leukemia,AML)中抑制了c-kit表达,证实其可发挥重要的肿瘤抑制子功能。
领导这一研究的是中国人民解放军总医院血液科主任医师于力教授,其从事血液科临床工作20余年,在血液系统疑难病症的诊断、白血病和淋巴瘤的治疗及造血干细胞移植等方面具有丰富的临床经验,主要研究方向为血液系统恶性肿瘤的诊断、治疗及造血干细胞移植。于力教授曾在国际上首次发现两个白血病相关基因LRP15和LRP16,并在国际基因库中注册。他还在国际上首次证明ID4基因具有抑制白血病细胞增长的功能,这一研究成果发表在国际著名杂志《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)上。
原癌基因c-kit是一种III型酪氨酸激酶受体,广泛地表达于肥大细胞、黑色素细胞、造血干细胞、肠间质细胞和生殖细胞中。大量的研究证实多种恶性肿瘤如急性骨髓性白血病细胞中存在c-kit的异常激活,与癌症的发生、增生、浸润和转移密切相关。近年来有一些研究表明肿瘤通过表观遗传学修饰沉默肿瘤抑制性microRNAs (miRNAs)从而导致了原癌基因激活。
在这篇文章中,中国人民解放军总医院的研究人员利用荧光报告分析方法在急性骨髓性白血病中筛查了几种有可能与人类c-kit mRNA的3′UTR区结合的miRNAs。在急性骨髓性白血病细胞和原发性AML芽细胞中研究人员发现内嵌在c-kit mRNA CpG岛上的miR-193a序列发生了超甲级化。进而,研究人员在9种白血病细胞系和27名原发性AML患者血液样品中证实miR-193a水平与c-kit水平呈现负相关。
在进一步的研究中,科研人员利用合成miR-193a转染和DNA低甲基化试剂5-氮胞苷(5-aza)处理等方法证实,在c-kit 突变和C-kit过表达的AML细胞中恢复miR-193a可显著降低c-kit的RNA和蛋白质水平,并抑制细胞生长。当研究人员在细胞中加入miR-193a抑制剂时,发现其部分地阻断了5-aza诱导的c-kit抑制,逆转了5-aza的抗增殖以及促凋亡效应。这些数据表明甲基化抑制miR-193a在急性髓细胞样白血病的发病过程中发挥了关键性的作用。
新研究发现使研究人员更深入地了解了急性髓细胞样白血病的发病机理,并为c-kit阳性的AML的治疗指明了新的有潜力的治疗靶点。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Oncogene advance online publication 14 March 2011; doi: 10.1038/onc.2011
MicroRNA-193a represses c-kit expression and functions as a methylation-silenced tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia
X-N Gao1,3, J Lin2,3, Y-H Li1, L Gao1, X-R Wang1, W Wang1, H-Y Kang1, G-T Yan2, L-L Wang1 and L Yu1
Aberrant activation of c-kit proto-oncogene contributes to abnormal cell proliferation by altering the tyrosine kinase signaling and constitutes a crucial impetus for leukemogenesis. Epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) is a key oncogenic mechanism for the activation of oncogenes in tumors. In this study, several miRNAs potentially binding to the 3′-untranslated region of human c-kit mRNA were screened by luciferase reporter assays. Among these miRNAs, miR-193a was embedded in a CpG island and epigenetically repressed by promoter hypermethylation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML blasts, but not in normal bone marrow cells. Importantly, miR-193a levels were inversely correlated with c-kit levels measured in 9 leukemia cell lines and 27 primary AML samples. Restoring miR-193a expression in AML cells harboring c-kit mutation and/or overexpression, either by synthetic miR-193a transfection or by DNA hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-aza) treatment, resulted in a significant reduction in c-kit expression at both RNA and protein levels and inhibition of cell growth. The growth-inhibitory activity of miR-193a was associated with apoptosis and granulocytic differentiation. Moreover, 5-aza-induced c-kit reduction could be partially blocked by miR-193a inhibitor, leading to a reversal of antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of 5-aza. These data reveal a critical role for methylation-repressed miR-193a in myeloid leukemogenesis and the therapeutic promise of upregulating miR-193a expression for c-kit-positive AML.
Keywords: c-kit; microRNAs; DNA methylation; acute myeloid leukemia; proto-oncogenes; tumor suppressor genes