相比于男异性恋者，男同性恋者的癌症发病率较高，相比于女异性恋癌症存活者，女同性恋和女双性恋癌症存活者的健康水平较低。这些是提前在线发表在《癌症》期刊上的一篇最新研究得出的结论，《癌症》是“美国癌症协会（American Cancer Society）”的同行评审期刊。研究结果阐明了用来帮助女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋癌症存活者改善健康水平的项目和服务类型。
癌症监控研究不会询问有关性取向的问题，这意味着有关多少癌症存活者为女同性恋、男同性恋或者双性恋的信息非常稀少。为了填补这一信息缺口，美国波士顿大学（Boston University）公共卫生学院的Ulrike Boehmer博士及其同事根据不同的性取向在加利福尼亚州进行了癌症存活率的研究。他们还调查了不同性取向的癌症存活者的健康水平差异情况。
本研究包括来自2001年、2003年和2005年的加利福尼亚州健康访问调查的数据。该调查是美国最大规模的州级健康调查，共有7252名成年女性和3690名成年男性报告了癌症诊断。研究人员在不同性取向的女性患者之间没有发现显著的癌症发病率差异，但是相比于女异性恋癌症存活者，女同性恋和女双性恋癌症存活者报告不太好或很差的健康水平的可能性要分别高出2.0倍和2.3倍。相比于男异性恋者，男同性恋者报告癌症诊断的可能性要高出1.9倍。男性癌症存活者的自报健康水平没有因为性取向的不同而出现显著的差异。
“这一信息可以用于开发针对女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋人群的服务，”Boehmer博士说道。“因为更多的男同性恋患者报告为癌症存活者，我们需要重点进行针对男同性恋患者的原发癌症预防和早期癌症检测项目。因为相比于女异性恋癌症患者，更多的女同性恋和女双性恋癌症患者的健康水平很低，我们需要重点进行改善女同性恋和女双性恋癌症患者的健康的项目和服务，”Boehmer博士说道。
Boehmer博士指出，研究结果提出了未来研究应该解决的问题。比如说，是不是由于更多的男同性恋者接受癌症诊断，就意味着有更多的男同性恋者具有癌症史呢？或者相比于男异性恋者，是不是有更多的男同性恋者能够在确诊为癌症后存活呢？类似地，女同性恋和女双性恋患者接受癌症诊断的可能性与女异性恋患者一样吗？或者癌症存活的相似性能否说明女同性恋和女双性恋患者之间的存活率差别？（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原文出处：
CANCER DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25950
Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation
Ulrike Boehmer PhD1,*,?, Xiaopeng Miao MS2, Al Ozonoff PhD2
Keywords:cancer;survivorship;quality of life;prevalence;homosexuality
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations are not part of cancer surveillance, resulting in scarce information about the cancer survivorship of these populations. To address this information gap, the authors examined the prevalence of cancer survivorship by sexual orientation and cancer survivors' self-reported health by sexual orientation.
METHODS:
The authors explored these issues by analyzing pooled data from the California Health Interview survey from 2001, 2003, and 2005. By using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, they examined the cancer prevalence in men and women by sexual orientation and subsequently compared the self-reported health of male and female cancer survivors by sexual orientation.
RESULTS:
Among women, the authors found no significant differences in cancer prevalence by sexual orientation, but lesbian and bisexual female cancer survivors had 2.0 and 2.3× the odds of reporting fair or poor health compared with heterosexual female cancer survivors. Among men, we found significant differences in cancer prevalence, with gay men having 1.9× the odds of reporting a cancer diagnosis compared with heterosexual men. There were no differences by sexual orientation in male cancer survivors' self-reported health.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our novel findings suggest sex differences in the impact of cancer on lesbian, gay, and bisexual cancer survivors. Lesbian and bisexual cancer survivors need to be targeted by programs and services to assist these cancer survivors in improving their health perceptions, whereas healthcare providers and public health agencies need to be made aware of the higher prevalence of cancer in gay men to prevent future cancers through increased screening and primary prevention.
