英国伦敦大学玛丽女王学院的研究人员最近发现,蛋氨酸(Met)分子位置偏差,会刺激癌细胞生长和扩散,一旦给其重新定位,则可有效阻止癌细胞的生长。这一发现有助于科学家开发新药治疗恶性肿瘤。
蛋氨酸是人体必需的氨基酸之一,与细胞的生长关系密切。研究发现,在许多不同类型的癌症肿瘤中,都有蛋氨酸的身影,而且蛋氨酸水平越高,肿瘤的侵害性就越强。鉴于此,有科学家试图通过阻断蛋氨酸分子的功能来治疗癌症,但实际效果并不是很好。
英国伦敦大学玛丽女王学院的研究人员通过研究发现,蛋氨酸分子之所以会刺激癌细胞的生长和扩散,是因为它们的位置出现了偏差:通常是在细胞之外的蛋氨酸分子出现在了癌细胞内部;如果将其从细胞内部移至细胞表面,就可以阻止癌细胞的生长。研究人员在实验中通过化学方法对实验小鼠癌细胞中的蛋氨酸分子进行重置,结果不仅成功地阻止了肿瘤生长,还使得肿瘤出现萎缩。
研究人员表示,目前这一研究还处于早期阶段,但其前景看好,使用化学手段阻止蛋氨酸分子进入癌细胞内部将会是一个可行的癌症治疗方法,据此开发的新药或许会成为未来治疗恶性肿瘤的利器。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Nature Cell Biology DOI:10.1038/ncb2257
A direct role for Met endocytosis in tumorigenesis
Carine Joffre; Rachel Barrow; Ludovic Ménard; Véronique Calleja; Ian R. Hart; Stéphanie Kermorgant
Compartmentalization of signals generated by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) endocytosis has emerged as a major determinant of various cell functions. Here, using tumour-associated Met-activating mutations, we demonstrate a direct link between endocytosis and tumorigenicity. Met mutants exhibit increased endocytosis/recycling activity and decreased levels of degradation, leading to accumulation on endosomes, activation of the GTPase Rac1, loss of actin stress fibres and increased levels of cell migration. Blocking endocytosis inhibited mutants’ anchorage-independent growth, in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis while maintaining their activation. One mutant resistant to inhibition by a Met-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor was sensitive to endocytosis inhibition. Thus, oncogenicity of Met mutants results not only from activation but also from their altered endocytic trafficking, indicating that endosomal signalling may be a crucial mechanism regulating RTK-dependent tumorigenesis.