在最新一期国际著名期刊《神经肿瘤期刊》上,北京三博脑科医院神经外科主任石祥恩及其博士研究生高树梓,报告了全球首例自发恶性变的颅咽管瘤病例。该发现改变了以往颅咽管瘤良性组织病理特征、无恶性变的观点,为该疾病的治疗和研究提供了新的依据。
据介绍,这是一名37岁的女性患者,7年前被确诊为颅咽管瘤,并分别于2004年8月和2008年11月因视力障碍和头痛发病2次行颅咽管瘤手术治疗,此后未进行任何形式的放疗和化疗。直至2009年8月该患者因进行性视力障碍就诊于北京三博脑科医院神经外科,在行复发颅咽管瘤手术并进行肿瘤病理检查研究时发现,肿瘤成釉细胞基底膜破坏,细胞异型性明显,过度染色,核分裂活跃,提示肿瘤癌变。
据悉,传统观点认为颅咽管瘤一种常见的先天性颅内良性肿瘤,约占颅内肿瘤发病率的1.2%~4.6%,人群中发病率约为0.5/百万~2.5/百万。由于既往认为该疾病无恶变倾向,因此手术全切除后,便可达到治愈的效果。但由于肿瘤发生在垂体前叶,向鞍上生长累及下丘脑,手术全切除困难,术后复发率较高。
石祥恩教授指出,此次发现提示,对于颅咽管瘤患者应提高其手术全切除率,避免肿瘤复发。同时,应重视此类患者的复查、随诊,并进一步对该疾病的发病机制、恶变诱因以临床治疗方法进行研究和更新,尽快提高防治效果。
据悉,石祥恩教授从1995年开始从事手术切除颅咽管瘤及其下丘脑功能保护研究,手术切除颅咽管瘤550余例,肿瘤全切除率95%以上。2011年5月《美国神经外科杂志》114卷第5期,总结全球7位报告手术切除颅咽管瘤100例以上学者中,石祥恩教授被评为手术例数最多,全切除率最高,效果最好的医生。此次颅咽管瘤恶变病例是其550余例患者中的一例。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
Journal of Neuro-Oncology doi: 10.1007/s11060-010-0407-2
Case ReportMalignant transformation of craniopharyngioma: case report and review of the literature
Shuzi Gao, Xiangen Shi, Yanxia Wang, Hai Qian and Chengyin Liu
Craniopharyngioma is considered to be a benign intracranial tumor. Malignant transformation of craniopharyngioma has rarelybeen described. In this article, we report a case of ameloblastic carcinoma arising from a previously benign craniopharyngiomain a 42-year-old woman. The patient was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma in August 2004 and underwent surgical resection ofa typical craniopharyngioma, the pathological result was craniopharyngioma, papillary and adamantinomatous types. During thesubsequent 5 years, this patient experienced two recurrences, for which surgical resections were performed without radiotherapy.The last two pathologic diagnoses were malignant craniopharyngiomas and there was more apparent sign of malignancy in thethird pathologic section. The exact pathogenesis and the biological behavior of malignant change in craniopharyngioma arenot yet clear. We review the relevant literature of malignant craniopharyngioma. Histopathologic, clinical and imaging featuresof malignant craniopharyngioma and the possible effect of radiotherapy on the carcinogenesis are discussed.