近日一项新的研究成果表明,急性骨髓性白血病(AML)包含了一种具有干细胞特性的罕见细胞,称为“白血病干细胞”,它比一般的AML细胞能更好地预测临床结果。相关研究成果发表在最新一期出版的《自然—医学》杂志上。
癌症科学家一直在争论,一个肿瘤中所有的细胞是具有相同作用还是某些癌细胞更具影响力,这在过去的10年里一直是实验模型所关注的重要问题。以往的异种移植研究也表明,一些实体瘤和白血病由肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)所维持的分级细胞组成,但对于肿瘤干细胞模型与病人的关系尚未明确。这是第一次揭示了白血病干细胞的临床重要性。
癌症干细胞领域的先驱者约翰·迪克领导的国际研究小组通过对健康的干细胞、白血病干细胞和临床资料进行排序、分析和比较,发现白血病干细胞拥有与正常干细胞同样的一组基因或特征,这可能有助于精准地预测患者的病程。这种干细胞特征表达强烈的病人,其剩余的生存时间比一般的病人会短些。
这些干细胞信号中的基因提供了一种新的药物靶点,它能运用于消除白血病干细胞。这些基因同样显示了潜在的急性骨髓性白血病的生物标记,能够用于指导对病人施以更有效的治疗。从长期来看,这一信息还能用于将癌症治疗个性化,为病人提供合适的药物,而不是用现在放之四海而皆准的治疗方法,对成群的病人予以同样的治疗。
研究人员表示,该研究能够为实体瘤和各种白血病的癌症干细胞的临床重要性的测试提供一个范例,推动了整个癌症干细胞的研究。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nm.2415
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Stem cell gene expression programs influence clinical outcome in human leukemia
Kolja Eppert; Katsuto Takenaka; Eric R Lechman; Levi Waldron; Björn Nilsson; Peter van Galen; Klaus H Metzeler; Armando Poeppl; Vicki Ling; Joseph Beyene; Angelo J Canty; Jayne S Danska; Stefan K Bohlander; Christian Buske; Mark D Minden; Todd R Golub; Igor Jurisica; Benjamin L Ebert; John E Dick
Xenograft studies indicate that some solid tumors and leukemias are organized as cellular hierarchies sustained by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Despite the promise of the CSC model, its relevance in humans remains uncertain. Here we show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) follows a CSC model on the basis of sorting multiple populations from each of 16 primary human AML samples and identifying which contain leukemia stem cells (LSCs) using a sensitive xenograft assay. Analysis of gene expression from all functionally validated populations yielded an LSC-specific signature. Similarly, a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene signature was established. Bioinformatic analysis identified a core transcriptional program shared by LSCs and HSCs, revealing the molecular machinery underlying 'stemness' properties. Both stem cell programs were highly significant independent predictors of patient survival and were found in existing prognostic signatures. Thus, determinants of stemness influence the clinical outcome of AML, establishing that LSCs are clinically relevant and not artifacts of xenotransplantation.