美国研究人员近日声称,对抗癌症方面,光波是“大有可为”的工具。
据报道,发表于《自然—医学》(Nature Medicine)的一项研究显示,科学家可研制一种附着在肿瘤上的药物,而这种药物只有得到一种特定波长的光照到时才会活化。这表示该疗法可以十分精确地锁定在治疗目标上,且不会破坏周边组织。
一个癌症慈善团体说,这项疗法在开始阶段就“大有可为”。
据悉,目前的癌症疗法可分成三类:辐射摧毁癌细胞,手术移除肿瘤,或是使用药物杀死癌细胞。这些方法都有副作用,因此科学家正试图想出更精确的疗法。
在这项研究中,美国马里兰州的国家癌症研究所研究人员使用一种抗体,将目标锁定在癌细胞表面的蛋白质。接着,他们在抗体上加上一种化学药品IR700。 IR700在近处的红外线照到时会活化。这种波长的光线可以渗透到皮肤下好几公分。
为了测试这种抗体与化学药品的结合疗法,研究人员将鳞状上皮细胞癌的肿瘤移植到老鼠背部。研究人员会给予老鼠药物,并让它们暴露在近处红外线的光线。
研究称:“比起未接受治疗的控制组老鼠,这些老鼠的肿瘤体积大大减少,存活率明显增加。这种选择性的杀害方法,可以让正常细胞的受损程度降到最低。”
作者说,这种结合是“癌症疗法大有可为的治疗与诊断手段”。
不过,研究人员也表示:“虽然在我们的实验中没有观察到毒性 ,但这种方法的在临床上还是需要正式的毒性研究。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nm.2554
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Cancer cell–selective in vivo near infrared photoimmunotherapy targeting specific membrane molecules
Makoto Mitsunaga,1 Mikako Ogawa,1 Nobuyuki Kosaka,1 Lauren T Rosenblum,1 Peter L Choyke1 & Hisataka Kobayashi1
Three major modes of cancer therapy (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy) are the mainstay of modern oncologic therapy. To minimize the side effects of these therapies, molecular-targeted cancer therapies, including armed antibody therapy, have been developed with limited success. In this study, we have developed a new type of molecular-targeted cancer therapy, photoimmunotherapy (PIT), that uses a target-specific photosensitizer based on a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IR700, conjugated to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptors. Cell death was induced immediately after irradiating mAb-IR700–bound target cells with NIR light. We observed in vivo tumor shrinkage after irradiation with NIR light in target cells expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor. The mAb-IR700 conjugates were most effective when bound to the cell membrane and produced no phototoxicity when not bound, suggesting a different mechanism for PIT as compared to conventional photodynamic therapies. Target-selective PIT enables treatment of cancer based on mAb binding to the cell membrane.