12月27日,在线发表在J Clin Oncol杂志上的一则研究"Effect of Early Palliative Care on Chemotherapy Use and End-of-Life Care in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer"表明早期姑息治疗联合标准治疗可以帮助优化最终化疗和过渡到临终关怀的选择时间。总的来说,这会带来高质量的临终护理。
对于转移性非小细胞肺癌,接受早期姑息治疗联合标准抗癌方案的病人,与那些只接受标准治疗的病人相比,去世前60天内接受化疗的几率下降(OR,0.47;95%CI,0.23-0.99;P=0.05)。前者使用最终剂量的静脉化疗到死亡的时间间隔更长(平均64天 vs. 50天;P=0.02),纳入超过1周的临终关怀的人数更多(60.0% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.004)。
这项研究是对去年发表在新英格兰杂志上的一篇文章的随访(NEJM.2010;363:733-742),那篇研究表明早期姑息治疗和标准治疗的整合可以改善生存。在这篇后续的报道中,作者指出,化疗的减少“对生存没有损害,与传统的观点相反,后者认为更侵略性的治疗可以延长转移性癌症的生命”。
缺乏培训
最新的文章强调侵略性的治疗不能延长转移性实体瘤的生存期,姑息性治疗不会缩短生存期。即使之前已经有报道说明支持性治疗和侵略性化疗是反向关系,但早期的研究是观察性的,结果容易混淆影响。这篇研究采用随机设计,更好的确认了这种负相关关系。以前的研究表明病人的治疗方案中如果很少涉及临终关怀,那么会更多的接受化疗。
以上表明一种可能性,当我们没有临终护理的支持,肿瘤科医生倾向于做他们被培训要做的:给予化疗。
改善生存
这项研究的初步结果发表在2010年,作者强调接受早期姑息治疗同步进行标准治疗的病人生存期延长。该组中,平均生存期是11.6个月,对照组是8.9个月(p=0.02)。2.7个月的受益于接受标准化疗方案类似。
提高转移性NSCLC患者的生活质量和情绪是一项艰巨的挑战,这类人群通常随着时间生活质量会恶化,在对照组就可以看到。但是,接受早期姑息治疗的病人的生活质量确实在提高。
减少静脉化疗
这项研究从2006年到2009年,151名新诊断为转移性NSCLC的病人被随机分配到早期姑息治疗联合标准抗癌治疗组,或者只有标准抗癌治疗组。最新的分析目的在于调查早期姑息治疗是否也影响化疗和临终关怀治疗的频率和时间。在18个月的随访中,大多数病人(n = 133; 88.1%)死亡,作者评估了生命最后几个月内的化疗率。
作者发现,接受早期姑息治疗联合标准抗癌方案的病人,与那些只接受标准治疗的病人相比,去世前60天内接受化疗的几率下降(52.5% vs 70.1%; P = 0.05)。队列中,59.7%的病人在最终方案中接受了静脉化疗,33.3%接受口服治疗,9个病人没有接受化疗。早期姑息治疗对降低静脉治疗有强大的影响,两组间在死亡前60天内有明显差异(24.2% vs 46.3%; P = 0.01)。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.35.7996
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Effect of Early Palliative Care on Chemotherapy Use and End-of-Life Care in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Greer JA, Pirl WF, Jackson VA, Muzikansky A, Lennes IT, Heist RS, Gallagher ER, Temel JS.
PURPOSEPrior research shows that introducing palliative care soon after diagnosis for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with improvements in quality of life, mood, and survival. We sought to investigate whether early palliative care also affects the frequency and timing of chemotherapy use and hospice care for these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODSThis secondary analysis is based on a randomized controlled trial of 151 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NSCLC presenting to an outpatient clinic at a tertiary cancer center from June 2006 to July 2009. Participants received either early palliative care integrated with standard oncology care or standard oncology care alone. By 18-month follow-up, 133 participants (88.1%) had died. Outcome measures included: first, number and types of chemotherapy regimens, and second, frequency and timing of chemotherapy administration and hospice referral.ResultsThe overall number of chemotherapy regimens did not differ significantly by study group. However, compared with those in the standard care group, participants receiving early palliative care had half the odds of receiving chemotherapy within 60 days of death (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.99; P = .05), a longer interval between the last dose of intravenous chemotherapy and death (median, 64.00 days [range, 3 to 406 days] v 40.50 days [range, 6 to 287 days]; P = .02), and higher enrollment in hospice care for longer than 1 week (60.0% [36 of 60 patients] v 33.3% [21 of 63 patients]; P = .004). CONCLUSIONAlthough patients with metastatic NSCLC received similar numbers of chemotherapy regimens in the sample, early palliative care optimized the timing of final chemotherapy administration and transition to hospice services, key measures of quality end-of-life care.