12月29日,据每日科学:靶向性药物,用于阻断或破坏参与肿瘤生长的特定分子,已被证明能有效的治疗多种癌症。一项由妇科肿瘤组织(GOG)指导的新的三期临床试验显示,一种名叫贝伐单抗(Avastin,阿瓦斯汀)的靶向性疗法能有效地延缓晚期卵巢癌的进程。目前,新确诊的晚期卵巢癌患者通常是接受手术和化疗,但是新研究提供了另一项治疗途径。
临床实验的结果发表于12月29日新英格兰医学期刊(New England Journal of Medicine)上。
"这种方法可以看做卵巢癌治疗的第三个重要组成部分,"医学博士Robert A.Burger说,她是GOG研究的首席研究员及福克斯癌症中心女性癌症中心的主任。"多年来我们一直采取手术管理和细胞毒性化疗相结合的疗法,但我们还没有真正看到一种所谓的根本性的疗法。这代表着一种新的方式来控制疾病。"
安慰剂对照试验,由国家癌症研究所赞助,从336个地区(主要是美国,也有加拿大、韩国、日本)招募了1873位之前未进行治疗的晚期卵巢癌患者。患者要么是III期卵巢癌不能经手术完全除去或IV期卵巢癌,随机的分配成3组。接受贝伐单抗结合化疗并在接下来的日子中接受额外的10个月贝伐单抗治疗的患者,癌症进展的平均时间是14.1个月,而对照组(只接受化疗和安慰剂治疗并持续接受安慰剂)为10.3个月。减少乳腺癌进展风险的净有效率为28%。接受贝伐单抗及化疗但后期不继续使用贝伐单抗的患者,癌症无进展生存时间平均为11.2个月。
国家癌症研究所估计,在2011年有近22000名女性被诊断为卵巢癌,超过15000名女性死于这种疾病。在癌症未扩散前诊断出的患者,5年相对存活率约为93%(相对存活率只计算癌症所致,不计算其他原因所致的死亡)。但卵巢癌是隐袭的--早期症状,像腹胀、腹痛、进食困难,这些都是其他一些疾病的典型症状,很容易错诊为不具威胁性。女性通常不会意识到她们患上了这种疾病,知道它开始扩散。在62%的心法病例中,患者的癌症已经扩散到很远的地方了,5年生存率低于27%。
贝伐单抗已被FDA批准用于治疗一些类型的癌症,如结肠癌、肺癌、肾癌、脑癌;其用于转移性乳腺癌的加速审批最近被FDA撤销。这种药物是通过与血管内皮生长因子VEGF的结合来起作用,VEGF是特定肿瘤产生的一种蛋白质,用于帮助新生血管的形成为肿瘤提供养分。新生血管的生长称为血管生成,而贝伐单抗即是一种血管生成抑制剂。
"贝伐单抗阻断了VEGF,它是卵巢癌进展过程中非常重要的生长因子,"Burger说,"我们已经看到这种药物在疾病复发的患者中也有效"。
血管生成发生在宿主和肿瘤的接触面上,这使得它称为非常有吸引力的治疗靶标,Burger说,他执导了GOG研究的II期,使用贝伐单抗治疗复发性卵巢癌。他说,不同的卵巢癌在显微镜下可能会一样,但是在生物学上却是不同的,这意味着它们对治疗有不同的反应。
在新英格兰医学期刊的论文中,Burger和他的共同作者指出,另一项主要在欧洲开展的卵巢癌临床试验(ICON7)得到了积极的结果,即用贝伐单抗结合化疗并持续使用贝伐单抗7个月。
这篇发表于NEJM上的论文的共同作者还包括Mark F.Brady(Roswell Park癌症研究所)、Michael A.Bookman(Arizon癌症中心)、Gini F.Fleming(芝加哥大学)、Bradley J.Monk(Creighton大学医学院)、Helen Huang(Roswell Park)、Robert S.Mannel(俄克拉荷马州大学健康科学中心)、Howard D.Homesley(维克深林大学医学院)、Jdrrrey Fowler(俄亥俄州大学詹姆斯肿瘤医院)、Benjamin E.Greer(西雅图癌症护理联盟)、Matthew Boente(明尼苏达州肿瘤学和血液学研究所)、Michael J.Birrer(哈佛医学院及马萨组赛州总医院)、Sharon X.Liang(北岸-长岛犹太医疗系统)。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1104390
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PMID:
Incorporation of Bevacizumab in the Primary Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Robert A. Burger, Mark F. Brady, Michael A. Bookman, Gini F. Fleming, Bradley J. Monk, Helen Huang, Robert S. Mannel, Howard D. Homesley, Jeffrey Fowler, Benjamin E. Greer, Matthew Boente, Michael J. Birrer, Sharon X. Liang
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a key promoter of angiogenesis and disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Bevacizumab, a humanized anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, has shown single-agent activity in women with recurrent tumors. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the addition of bevacizumab to standard front-line therapy.
METHODS: In our double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned eligible patients with newly diagnosed stage III (incompletely resectable) or stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer who had undergone debulking surgery to receive one of three treatments. All three included chemotherapy consisting of intravenous paclitaxel at a dose of 175 mg per square meter of body-surface area, plus carboplatin at an area under the curve of 6, for cycles 1 through 6, plus a study treatment for cycles 2 through 22, each cycle of 3 weeks' duration. The control treatment was chemotherapy with placebo added in cycles 2 through 22; bevacizumab-initiation treatment was chemotherapy with bevacizumab (15 mg per kilogram of body weight) added in cycles 2 through 6 and placebo added in cycles 7 through 22. Bevacizumab-throughout treatment was chemotherapy with bevacizumab added in cycles 2 through 22. The primary end point was progression-free survival.
RESULTS: Overall, 1873 women were enrolled. The median progression-free survival was 10.3 months in the control group, 11.2 in the bevacizumab-initiation group, and 14.1 in the bevacizumab-throughout group. Relative to control treatment, the hazard ratio for progression or death was 0.908 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.795 to 1.040; P=0.16) with bevacizumab initiation and 0.717 (95% CI, 0.625 to 0.824; P<0.001) with bevacizumab throughout. At the time of analysis, 76.3% of patients were alive, with no significant differences in overall survival among the three groups. The rate of hypertension requiring medical therapy was higher in the bevacizumab-initiation group (16.5%) and the bevacizumab-throughout group (22.9%) than in the control group (7.2%). Gastrointestinal-wall disruption requiring medical intervention occurred in 1.2%, 2.8%, and 2.6% of patients in the control group, the bevacizumab-initiation group, and the bevacizumab-throughout group, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of bevacizumab during and up to 10 months after carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy prolongs the median progression-free survival by about 4 months in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and Genentech; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00262847.)