在这个表皮表层里,可见朗格汉斯细胞(绿色)构成一个细胞网络,延长树突状的进程
日前,刊登在最新一期Science上的一篇论文"Langerhans Cells Facilitate Epithelial DNA Damage and Squamous Cell Carcinoma"表明,以能探测到皮肤中的外来入侵物而闻名的一组免疫细胞也能通过代谢环境中的化学物质而促进肿瘤的生长。
包括皮肤及那些覆盖许多身体表面的上皮组织形成抵御微生物及可以引起癌症的化学毒素的关键性的屏障。 (在人类中,90%的癌症起源于上皮组织。) 这些组织常常充满了树突状细胞,其中包括一个叫做朗格汉斯细胞的亚组细胞,这些细胞可识别抗原并将它们“穿戴”在其表面以警示T细胞进行防御反应。 这些抗原可以是微生物,或它们也可来自肿瘤。
然而,令人感到惊讶的是,缺乏朗格汉斯细胞的小鼠则可不受化学性致癌作用的侵害,而Badri Modi 及其同事希望能找出其原因。 他们如今用一种鳞状细胞癌的小鼠模型揭示了朗格汉斯细胞可驱使健康的皮肤细胞转变成为癌性细胞。 朗格汉斯细胞在对致癌物7,12 二甲基苯丙蒽 (DMBA) 进行回应时会增加其对某种叫做CYP1B1酶的表达,这种酶会将DMBA代谢成为一种可诱导细胞内突变的化合物。
文章的作者指出,DMBA是一种聚芳烃,或PAH,而这些烃类化合物一般在工业污染中非常普遍。 他们说,含有PAH的颗粒物质可能是人类皮肤癌中的一种未得到正确评价的环境因素。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1211600
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Langerhans Cells Facilitate Epithelial DNA Damage and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Badri G. Modi1,*, Jason Neustadter1,*, Elisa Binda8,9, Julia Lewis1, Renata B. Filler1, Scott J. Roberts1, Bernice Y. Kwong1, Swapna Reddy1, John D. Overton3, Anjela Galan1, Robert Tigelaar1, Lining Cai4, et al.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are prevalent, potent carcinogens, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a model PAH widely used to study tumorigenesis. Mice lacking Langerhans cells (LCs), a signatory epidermal dendritic cell (DC), are protected from cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis, independent of T cell immunity. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that LC-deficient skin was relatively resistant to DMBA-induced DNA damage. LCs efficiently metabolized DMBA to DMBA-trans-3,4-diol, an intermediate proximal to oncogenic Hras mutation, and DMBA-treated LC-deficient skin contained significantly fewer Hras mutations. Moreover, DMBA-trans-3,4-diol application bypassed tumor resistance in LC-deficient mice. Additionally, the genotoxic impact of DMBA on human keratinocytes was significantly increased by prior incubation with human-derived LC. Thus, tissue-associated DC can enhance chemical carcinogenesis via PAH metabolism, highlighting the complex relation between immune cells and carcinogenesis.