俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员已经发现一种遗传癌症综合征,它使特定人群易患眼黑素瘤,随同肺癌、脑癌和其他癌症可能的其他类型癌症。
研究人员指出,遗传性癌症综合征由称为BAP1的基因的遗传突变所引起。研究结果表明,BAP 1突变在一小部分患遗传性葡萄膜黑色素瘤(uveal melanoma)和其他癌症的病人中引起疾病。
葡萄膜黑色素瘤是一种眼睛癌症,它涉及虹膜、睫状体或脉络膜,这些统称为葡萄膜。这些肿瘤发生在色素细胞,色素细胞也称为黑素细胞,存在于葡萄膜内给眼睛赋以颜色。这是成年人中最常见的眼肿瘤。
研究结果发表在期刊Journal of Medical Genetics上。
研究的第一作者Mohamed H. Abdel-Rahman博士是俄亥俄州立大学综合性肿瘤中心--Arthur G. James肿瘤医院和Richard J. Solove研究所--的研究人员。"如果我们知道一个患者有这个特别的基因突变,我们可以更加积极主动与增加癌症筛查来设法检测这些其他的潜在癌症,就在它们开始生长时。"
研究的领导者Frederick H. Davidorf博士,是俄亥俄州立大学眼科学名誉教授,他解释到,BAP 1在调节细胞生长和增殖上似乎发挥重要作用,此基因的丧失有助于导致癌症。
"如果我们的研究结果被验证,这将是很好的监督这些患者在他们最可治疗时及早检测这些癌症",Davidorf说,他在俄亥俄州与研究人员、医生Colleen Cebulla博士一起治疗眼肿瘤患者。
这项研究涉及53个具高风险遗传性癌症的无联系的葡萄膜黑色素瘤患者,以及其中一个研究参考者的额外的家庭成员。这项研究的53个病人中,研究人员在三例病人中鉴定出BAP 1胚变异。
"我们还不确切知道这些病人易被诱发的完全模式,还需要更多的研究",Abdel-Rahman说,他是俄亥俄州立大学医学院人类遗传学分部和眼科学的副教授。
"到目前为止,我们已经鉴定了大约六个患遗传性癌症综合征的家庭。我们与全国儿童医院的研究人员一起正在为开发筛查BAP 1基因突变临床检测而工作",他说,"患这一癌综合征的家庭应进行遗传突变筛查,这些遗传突变增加他们发生一些其他癌症的风险。
参与这项研究的其他的俄亥俄州研究人员有:Robert Pilarski,James B. Massengill,Benjamin N. Christopher ,Getachew Boru,及美国科罗拉多州丹佛视网膜协会的Peter Hovland。
研究的经费来自Patti Blow研究基金会眼科学资助,美国癌症协会也支持了这项研究。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100156
PMC:
PMID:
Germline BAP1 mutation predisposes to uveal melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, meningioma, and other cancers
M. H. Abdel-Rahman, R. Pilarski, C. M. Cebulla, J. B. Massengill, B. N. Christopher, G. Boru, P. Hovland, F. H. Davidorf
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the potential contribution of germline sequence alterations in the BAP1 gene in uveal melanoma (UM) patients with possible predisposition to hereditary cancer. Design A total of 53 unrelated UM patients with high risk for hereditary cancer and five additional family members of one proband were studied. Mutational screening was carried out by direct sequencing. Results Of the 53 UM patients studied, a single patient was identified with a germline BAP1 truncating mutation, c. 799 C/T (p.Q267X), which segregated in several family members and was associated with UM and other cancers. Biallelic inactivation of BAP1 and decreased BAP1 expression were identified in the UM, lung adenocarcinoma and meningioma tumours from three family members with this germline BAP1 mutation. Germline BAP1 variants of uncertain significance, likely non-pathogenic, were also identified in two additional UM patients. Conclusion This study reports a novel hereditary cancer syndrome caused by a germline BAP1 mutation that predisposes patients to UM, lung carcinoma, meningioma, and possibly other cancers. The results indicate that BAP1 is the candidate gene in only a small subset of hereditary UM, suggesting the contribution of other candidate genes.