近日,美国《国家科学院院刊》期刊上刊登了一项研究成果称,由中国科学院动物研究所、上海血液学研究所等单位共同开展的合作研究,揭示了干细胞因子受体C-KIT在白血病和胃肠间质瘤细胞逃避凋亡中扮演的重要角色。
干细胞因子受体C-KIT是一种癌蛋白,在造血干细胞、肺干细胞、胃肠间质细胞等的生存、增殖和抗凋亡过程中发挥重要作用。C-KIT的突变或表达过高,与M2型急性髓性白血病和胃肠间质瘤等恶性肿瘤的发生关系密切。但是,C-KIT如何使癌细胞逃避凋亡的机制仍不清楚,针对C-KIT开展有效的靶向疗法也须进一步研究。
中国科学院动物研究所周光飚研究员课题组与上海血液学研究所陈竺、陈赛娟院士课题组展开合作,并联合中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院、解放军总医院和第二炮兵总医院,对此展开研究。经过4年的努力,研究人员发现,野生型或突变型的C-KIT,可与热休克蛋白Hsp90β结合并使其发生磷酸化(磷酸化是将磷酸基团加在蛋白质上的过程),而磷酸化的热休克蛋白Hsp90β又与一种凋亡触动因子Apaf-1结合,抑制后者激活“凋亡刽子手”半胱天冬酶-3(Caspase-3)的功能,使癌细胞得以逃避死亡的命运。
以前针对C-KIT的治疗策略,是利用药物抑制它对下游信号分子进行磷酸化的活性。这种策略需要长期服药,而且容易出现耐药,导致治疗失败。研究人员发现,利用硼替佐米等药物,可以促使C-KIT从细胞外进入细胞内,然后被降解清除,使Hsp90β发生去磷酸化而失去活性,被扣押的Apaf-1得以释放出来,并进而激活Caspase-3。激活的Caspase-3放大促进凋亡的信号,使白血病干细胞死亡而起到治疗作用。
周光飚表示,研究人员通过建立白血病小鼠模型,证明硼替佐米可显著延长白血病小鼠的生存期,因此具有一定的治疗作用。下一步,将把硼替佐米运用到白血病和胃肠间质瘤的治疗中。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1073/pnas.1121341109
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Bortezomib interferes with C-KIT processing and transforms the t(8;21)-generated fusion proteins into tumor-suppressing fragments in leukemia cells
Hai-Tong Fang, Bo Zhang, Xiao-Fen Panc, Li Gao, Tao Zhen, Hong-Xia Zhaog, Liang Ma, Jun Xie, Zi Liu, Xian-Jun Yu, Xin Cheng, Ting-Ting Feng, Feng-Xiang Zhang, Yong Yang, Zhong-Guo Hu, Guo-Qing Sheng, Yong-Long Chen, Sai-Juan Chen, Zhu Chen, and Guang-Biao Zhou
The boronic acid dipeptide bortezomib inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome and shows significant therapeutic efficacy in multiple myeloma. However, recent studies suggest that bortezomib may have more complex mechanisms of action in treating cancer. We report here that the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of the receptor tyrosine kinase C-KIT are required for bortezomib- but not tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib-caused apoptosis of t(8;21) leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells, suggesting that C-KIT may recruit an apoptosis initiator. We show that C-KIT binds and phosphorylates heat shock protein 90β (Hsp90β), which sequestrates apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1). Bortezomib dephosphorylates pHsp90β and releases Apaf-1. Although the activated caspase-3 is not sufficient to cause marked apoptosis, it cleaves the t(8;21) generated acute myeloid leukemia 1-eight twenty one (AML1-ETO) and AML1-ETO9a fusion proteins, with production of cleavage fragments that perturb the functions of the parental oncoproteins and further contribute to apoptosis. Notably, bortezomib exerts potent therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing AML1-ETO9a–driven leukemia. These data show that C-KIT-pHsp90β-Apaf-1 cascade is critical for some malignant cells to evade apoptosis, and the clinical therapeutic potentials of bortezomib in C-KIT–driven neoplasms should be further explored.