近日,温希普癌症研究所(Winship Cancer Institute)的研究人员发现了一种新的功能基因,它能抑制癌症的发展。
科学家们已知该基因通过编码p14ARF蛋白质,调控肿瘤细胞的增殖和分化。埃尔温·范·梅厄(Erwin Van Meir)博士所带领的团队发现p14ARF也参与肿瘤血管新生过程,癌细胞生长需要血液供能,因此肿瘤细胞会诱导血管生成。
该项研究发现给理解肿瘤如何发生发展,肿瘤细胞与周围血管细胞之间的交流提供了新的见解,相关研究论文发表在J Clin Invest上。研究人员表示借此新发现,将来可能开发出靶向抑制P14ARF蛋白肿瘤的生长的新方法。
Blood vessels are attracted toward a cell pellet (P)
范·梅厄(Van Meir)是埃默里大学医学院血液及肿瘤内科、神经外科教授,同时也是温希普癌症研究所分子神经肿瘤实验室主任。实验室副研究员Abdessamad Zerrouqi博士是该篇论文的第一作者。
如何抑制P14ARF的功能是Zerrouqi博士数年来的研究成果。他说:该基因是一个很不容易被发现,因为在培养皿中肿瘤细胞生长过程中往往会不存在或是沉默(未激活)状态。P14ARF是在人体大多数组织中都不表达,但受到异常生长信号的刺激会激活。
在多种癌症类型中包括胶质瘤,编码P14ARF的基因发生突变或是沉默。脑胶质瘤是成人中最常见的脑肿瘤类型。那些遗传了这一基因突变的人,该基因不能发挥功能最终会发展成“恶性黑色素瘤-星形细胞瘤综合征”。因ARF的DNA序列与另一蛋白质的DNA序列重叠,ARF代表了“替代读码框”。以前研究已经将P14ARF与p53(抑癌基因)相联系起来,p53在癌症中也发生了突变。P53能关闭(阻断)DNA损伤导致的肿瘤细胞的分裂,因此被称为“基因组的守护者”。
Zerrouqi博士说:已有一些线索指出了P14ARF的一个功能。当星形细胞瘤发展到神经母细胞瘤(一种更致命的脑肿瘤类型)时,P14ARF经常丢失。
“这些肿瘤更大,更具浸润性渗透,血管生成更多,”Zerrouqi博士说:“然而,p53在肿瘤发生早期阶段就已突变,也即在星形细胞瘤发展到神经母细胞瘤之前,p53抑癌功能就已丧失。这表明P14ARF独立于p53发挥功能”。
Zerrouqi博士表示恢复已经在肿瘤细胞血管生成过程中丢失的P14ARF表达之后,P14ARF诱导脑肿瘤细胞分泌一种称为TIMP3的蛋白质,以抑制血管内皮细胞的迁移。
Zerrouqi和范·梅厄的发现适用于脑肿瘤以及其他一些癌症类型。TIMP3本身已被证实在脑、肾、结肠癌、乳腺癌和肺癌中是沉默的,这表明TIMP3可以用来抑制上述肿瘤的生长。
这项研究由国家癌症研究所、美国小儿脑肿瘤基金会、美国脑瘤协会和东南脑瘤基金会资助。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1172/JCI38596
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P14ARF inhibits human glioblastoma–induced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of TIMP3
Abdessamad Zerrouqi, Beata Pyrzynska, Maria Febbraio, Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir
Malignant gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors in adults. Among malignant gliomas, 60%–80% show loss of P14ARF tumor suppressor activity due to somatic alterations of the INK4A/ARF genetic locus. The tumor suppressor activity of P14ARF is in part a result of its ability to prevent the degradation of P53 by binding to and sequestering HDM2. However, the subsequent finding of P14ARF loss in conjunction with TP53 gene loss in some tumors suggests the protein may have other P53-independent tumor suppressor functions. Here, we report what we believe to be a novel tumor suppressor function for P14ARF as an inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. We found that P14ARF mediates antiangiogenic effects by upregulating expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase–3 (TIMP3) in a P53-independent fashion. Mechanistically, this regulation occurred at the gene transcription level and was controlled by HDM2-SP1 interplay, where P14ARF relieved a dominant negative interaction of HDM2 with SP1. P14ARF-induced expression of TIMP3 inhibited endothelial cell migration and vessel formation in response to angiogenic stimuli produced by cancer cells. The discovery of this angiogenesis regulatory pathway may provide new insights into P53-independent P14ARF tumor-suppressive mechanisms that have implications for the development of novel therapies directed at tumors and other diseases characterized by vascular pathology.