芬兰赫尔辛基市赫尔辛基大学研究人员在3月28日出版的《美国医学会杂志》上发表的一项研究成果显示,在胃肠道间质瘤手术切除后具有复发高风险的患者中,那些接受伊马替尼(治疗某些癌症的一种药物)达3年而不是1年时间的患者的无复发存活率和总体存活率有所改善。
根据文章的背景资料:“胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)通常被发现存在于胃或小肠中,但它可发生在胃肠道的任何部位,可它罕见于腹腔内的其它部位。GIST的恶性潜质可从微观的胃肠道间质瘤到侵略性癌症不等。”在手术后给予12个月的伊马替尼治疗提高了无复发存活率(RFS),尽管GIST的复发在停止治疗后的第一年中是常见的;这提示,为期12个月的给药可能时间太短。
芬兰赫尔辛基市赫尔辛基大学中心医院的Heikki Joensuu, M.D.及其同事对给予那些被认为具有GIST复发高风险的患者辅助性(手术后)伊马替尼治疗3年以上是否会比治疗1年的结果更好进行了检查。该随机化试验包括了在手术时切除了KIT(一种基因)阳性GIST的患者,他们是在2004年2月至2008年9月间加入该项研究的。有200位病人被分配至一个治疗12个月的小组,有200位病人则被分配到治疗36个月的小组;这些病人来自芬兰、德国、挪威和瑞典的24个医疗中心。病人在手术后12周内开始随机性地每日口服400毫克的伊马替尼,时间或是12个月或是36个月。
研究人员发现,服药36个月小组中的患者的无复发存活时间比服药12个月小组的患者的无复发存活时间更长(5年RFS 为 65.6% vs. 47.9%)。被分配至服用伊马替尼36个月的小组中的病人在随访期间死亡的人数比那些服药12个月小组中的人在随访期间的死亡人数要少(分别为12人 vs. 25人),而36个月小组患者的总体存活时间也更长(5年存活率分别为92.0% vs. 81.7%)。
文章的作者还发现,服药36个月组的病人与服药12个月组的病人相比,前者有较大比例因为与GIST复发无关的原因而停止服用伊马替尼(分别为51人[25.8%] vs. 25人[12.6%];其停药的原因有不良反应、病人的偏好、肿瘤组织学不是GIST及其它不明的原因)。几乎所有参与研究的患者至少有一个记录在案的不良反应事件;大多数的事件在严重程度上被评为轻度。
研究人员补充说,对总体存活率的影响是基于一个相当小的死亡数字,这些参与研究的患者将继续被追踪以确认对总体存活率方面的裨益。由于GIST常常会在停止服用辅助性伊马替尼后复发,因此有必要开展更长时间治疗的评估研究,以及那些使用新的制剂及其组合的研究。(生物谷 bioon.com)
doi:10.1001/jama.2012.347
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One vs Three Years of Adjuvant Imatinib for Operable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Heikki Joensuu, MD; Mikael Eriksson, MD; Kirsten Sundby Hall, MD; Jrg T. Hartmann, MD; Daniel Pink, MD; Jochen Schütte, MD; Giuliano Ramadori, MD; Peter Hohenberger, MD; Justus Duyster, MD; Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, MD; Marcus Schlemmer, MD; Sebastian Bauer, MD; Eva Wardelmann, MD; Maarit Sarlomo-Rikala, MD; Bengt Nilsson, MD; Harri Sihto, MSc; Odd R. Monge, MD; Petri Bono, MD; Raija Kallio, MD; Aki Vehtari, DSc; Mika Leinonen, MSc; Thor Alvegrd, MD; Peter Reichardt, MD
Context Adjuvant imatinib administered for 12 months after surgery has improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) compared with placebo. Objective To investigate the role of imatinib administration duration as adjuvant treatment of patients who have a high estimated risk for GIST recurrence after surgery. Design, Setting, and Patients Patients with KIT-positive GIST removed at surgery were entered between February 2004 and September 2008 to this randomized, open-label phase 3 study conducted in 24 hospitals in Finland, Germany, Norway, and Sweden. The risk of GIST recurrence was estimated using the modified National Institutes of Health Consensus Criteria. Intervention Imatinib, 400 mg per day, orally for either 12 months or 36 months, started within 12 weeks of surgery. Main Outcome Measures The primary end point was RFS; the secondary end points included overall survival and treatment safety. Results Two hundred patients were allocated to each group. The median follow-up time after randomization was 54 months in December 2010. Diagnosis of GIST was confirmed in 382 of 397 patients (96%) in the intention-to-treat population at a central pathology review. KIT or PDGFRA mutation was detected in 333 of 366 tumors (91%) available for testing. Patients assigned for 36 months of imatinib had longer RFS compared with those assigned for 12 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.32-0.65; P < .001; 5-year RFS, 65.6% vs 47.9%, respectively) and longer overall survival (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.89; P = .02; 5-year survival, 92.0% vs 81.7%). Imatinib was generally well tolerated, but 12.6% and 25.8% of patients assigned to the 12- and 36-month groups, respectively, discontinued imatinib for a reason other than GIST recurrence. Conclusion Compared with 12 months of adjuvant imatinib, 36 months of imatinib improved RFS and overall survival of GIST patients with a high risk of GIST recurrence