政府监管机构和科学界应共同努力以确保他们对市民有关膳食补充剂和癌症的风险给予明确的指导,根据4月25日在Journal of the National Cancer Institute杂志上发表的一篇评论表示。
从动物实验到体外实验研究以及某些临床研究已经表明服用营养补充剂可能会降低患癌症的风险。然而,少数的随机对照研究却并未证实这一点,其实一些研究表明补充剂反而可能会增加患癌症的风险。尽管如此保健品行业在美国却蓬勃发展,估计每年有300亿美元的销售额。
为了审查膳食补充剂对癌症风险的潜在作用,加州圣迭戈穆尔斯癌症中心Maria Elena Martinez博士和他的同事分析了几个有关补充剂的研究包括抗氧化剂、叶酸、维生素D和钙。其中一些研究发现水果和蔬菜含量高的饮食结构与某些癌症的风险较低包括呼吸道和化道癌等有关。
具体来说,有关补充抗氧化剂,研究者发现:对肿瘤重要的氧化应激是不能通过补充抗氧化剂来得到控制的,氧化应激可能诱发癌变。此外,研究人员称:通过补充外源性抗氧化剂很可能是一把双刃剑,在体内,这些化合物可以作为促氧化剂或干扰一系列机体保护机制如诱导细胞凋亡。事实上,研究人员检查的一些抗氧化剂的有关试验证实了补充剂会增加癌症风险。
研究人员告诫我们服用膳食补充剂预防癌症,许多专家委员会和组织得出的结论是营养补充剂预防癌症的好处是很少的或者是根本没有的。他们说要想验证营养补充剂对癌症风险的影响需开展更多的随机对照试验。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/jnci/djs195
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Dietary Supplements and Cancer Prevention: Balancing Potential Benefits Against Proven Harms
María Elena Martínez, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, John A. Baron, James R. Marshall and Tim Byers
Nutritional supplementation is now a multibillion-dollar industry, and about half of all US adults take supplements. Supplement use is fueled in part by the belief that nutritional supplements can ward off chronic disease, including cancer, although several expert committees and organizations have concluded that there is little to no scientific evidence that supplements reduce cancer risk. To the contrary, there is now evidence that high doses of some supplements increase cancer risk. Despite this evidence, marketing claims by the supplement industry continue to imply anticancer benefits. Insufficient government regulation of the marketing of dietary supplement products may continue to result in unsound advice to consumers. Both the scientific community and government regulators need to provide clear guidance to the public about the use of dietary supplements to lower cancer risk