美国弗吉尼亚联邦大学梅赛癌症中心(Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Cente)骨髓移植项目研究人员证实利用来自兔子的抗体能够改善接受来自非亲缘供者的干细胞移植的白血病和脊髓发育不良(myelodysplasia)患者的存活和疾病复发结果。研究结果于近期发表在Bone Marrow Transplantation期刊上。
论文通讯作者Amir Toor领导的一个研究小组总结性地比较了在接受兔抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(anti-thymocyte globulin, ATG)注射之后再接受来自非亲缘供者干细胞移植的50名患者和接受来自亲属供者干细胞移植的40名患者。尽管非亲缘供者干细胞移植的治疗效果通常要比亲属供者干细胞移植的要差,但是这项研究的结果显示就死亡率、疾病复发和产生移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease, GVHD)而言,这两组患者的治疗效果较类似。
与来自患者亲属供者的干细胞移植相比,非亲缘供者干细胞移植通常因会引起较高比率的疾病复发和移植物抗宿主病而被认为是一种风险较高的治疗方法。这项研究表明注入兔抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)能够降低循环T淋巴细胞(circulating T-lymphocyte)的数量而发挥作用,能够显著性地降低移植物抗宿主病产生和疾病复发。ATG也被用来治疗再生障碍性贫血症(aplastic anemia)---该疾病的特征在于骨髓不能产生足够多的新细胞。不过,研究人员注意到接受最高剂量ATG注射的患者遭受更高比率的感染,然而这种风险在接受稍低剂量ATG注射的患者身上大为减少。
当前有两种类型的ATG试剂能够用于临床应用:其中一种也就是这项研究中所用的兔抗体,另一种是马抗体。
由于人们不能总是找到需要干细胞移植的患者的亲属供者,因此利用非亲缘供者干细胞移植获得较好的治疗效果可能代表着人们在延长更多血癌患者的生命方面取得一次巨大的进步。此外,这项研究也可能有助于人们设计未来的临床试验以便利用ATG来改善非亲缘供者干细胞移植的治疗效果。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi: :10.1038/bmt.2012.8
PMC:
PMID:
Anti-thymocyte globulin for conditioning in matched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation provides comparable outcomes to matched related donor recipients
DA Portier1, RT Sabo, CH Roberts, DS Fletcher, J Meier, WB Clark, MC Neale, MH Manjili, JM McCarty, HM Chung and AA Toor
Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is used as prophylaxis against GVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(HCT). At our institution, ATG is exclusively used in the conditioning of matched unrelated donor (URD) transplant recipients. A total of 50 URD HCT recipients who received ATG (ATG group) were retrospectively compared with 48 matched related donor (MRD) HCTrecipients who did not receive ATG (no ATG group). There were no significant differences between the groups in rates of day 100 mortality, acute GVHD or relapse. Chronic GVHD incidence was significantly lower in the ATG group (P ¼ 0.007). At a median followup of 36 months in the entire cohort, 50% patients are alive in the ATG group and 63% of the patients are alive in the no ATG group(P ¼ 0.13). We conclude that the administration of ATG to patients undergoing URD HCT preserves the anti-leukemia benefit of thetransplant, while reducing the risk of developing GVHD, resulting in OS rates that are comparable to MRD HCT recipients.