来自北京市肿瘤防治研究所,北京大学肿瘤医院病因研究室的研究人员在之前研究的基础上,展开了胃癌发生发展相关DNA甲基化组扫描,进行了所获90余个基因的DHPLC大规模研究,在中日韩三国验证队列中证明了了GFRA1的去甲基化激活,SRF和ZNF382的甲基化失活可用作胃癌等恶性肿瘤的转移标志物。就此研究进展,研究人员在《科学通报》上发表了相关评述性文章。
文章的通讯作者是北京大学肿瘤医院邓大君教授,邓教授曾证明人胃内能够合成亚硝酰胺类致癌物N-甲基亚硝基脲,得到国际同行验证认可,并且创建灵敏的DHPLC定性和定量检测DNA甲基化方法,已在国内外推广应用,还发现了一组早期预测胃癌转移的DNA甲基化标志物等。
一直以来,科学家们都认为表观遗传学与遗传学是作为两个独立的机制,参与癌变过程。癌症研究领域的科学家们一面忙着寻找致癌基因,分析癌症发生的遗传学,一面又在表观遗传调控方面进行深入分析,希望了解环境等因素对于癌症发生发展的影响,却没有想过把这两方面联系起来。然而近期关于人类癌症,上千个癌细胞外显子测序结果的研究却令人惊讶的发现了许多调控表观遗传的基因休眠突变,由此癌症表观遗传学成为了研究热点。
癌前病变进展和肿瘤侵袭、转移、治疗敏感性和耐药性等均为癌细胞的生物学特征, 理论上有用表观遗传等生物学手段进行识别的可能。在这篇文章中,研究人员利用甲基化 CpG 岛扩增与芯片组合分析(methylated CpG island amplification, MCAM),和甲基化敏感酶切基因组扫描技术, 分别测定了4对转移性胃癌和 4 对配对的非转移性胃癌及其切缘非癌组织CpG 岛的甲基化信号。对所筛选出的90余个转移和发生相关候选基因 CpG岛开展了DHPLC验证研究。
研究人员分别为这90余个基因转录起始点附近CpG 岛的甲基化状态建立了DHPLC测定方法, 结果发现在胃癌与切缘(及非癌对照)之间, 15 个基因(BMP3, BNIP3, ECEL1, ELK1, GFRA1, HOXD10, KCNH1, p16, PSMD10, PTPRT, SIGIRR, SRF, TBX5, TFPI2, ZNF382)存在有统计学显着性的甲基化明显差别, 提示这些基因甲基化变异与胃癌发生相关。
其中, GFRA1 的去甲基化激活和SRF 以及 ZNF382 的甲基化失活均与胃癌的转移和患者总生存时间存在明显相关性, 并且在中、日、韩三国胃癌患者验证队列中反复得到验证。事实上, 它们在结肠癌和肝癌上也有相似的作用。这些病例对照研究结果说明, 这3个基因在早期测定胃癌等恶性肿瘤转移状态方面可能有重要应用价值, 以前未见类似报道。
下一步研究人员将通过在手术时未见转移的胃癌患者中开展前瞻队列研究, 来确证这些转移标志物在预测肿瘤转移复发上的价值。此外, 研究人员还发现了9个 miR CpG 岛(miR-9-1, miR-9-3, miR- 34b/c, miR-137, miR-193b/365a, miR-200b/200c/429, miR-210, miR-375, miR-663)的甲基化变化与胃癌发展生存在明显的相关性,这提示血浆miR-221等含量的进行性升高可能是胃癌发生的预警信号。(生物谷Bioon.com)
10.1007/s11434-012-5578-0
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Differentiation and adaptation epigenetic networks: Translational research in gastric carcinogenesis
DaJun Deng, ZheMing Lu
There are several kinds of epigenetic networks in the human body including the cell differentiation epigenetic network (DiEN) and the host adaptation epigenetic network (AdEN). DiEN networks are static and cell/tissue-specific. AdEN networks are variable and dependent upon environmental factors. DiEN and AdEN alterations can respectively serve as biomarkers for different kinds of diseases. Cancer is a consequence of accumulated pathophysiological adaptations of tissue stem cells to exposure of environmental carcinogens. Cancer cells are de-differentiated cells that obtain the capacity of unrestricted proliferation, local invasion, and distant migration/metastasis. Both DiEN and AdEN changes can be observed in cancer tissues. Alterations of DNA methylation are the most stable epigenetic modifications and can be sensitively detected in a small cell population. These advantages make DNA methylation the optimal biomarkers for detection of initiated cells in precancerous lesions and metastasis stem cells in cancer tissues. It has been proven that p16 methylation can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to determine malignant potential of epithelium dysplasia in many organs including the stomach. In a large-scale validation study on the DNA methylome of gastric carcinomas (GC), the methylation status of more than 90 CpG islands has been analyzed by DHPLC. Furthermore, GFRA1 demethylation and methylation of SRF and ZNF382 are frequent events during gastric carcinogenesis and consistently correlate to GC metastasis and overall survival of GC patients from China, Japan, and Korea, respectively. In a population study, it has been demonstrated that gradual increasing of plasma miR-211 and other miRNA levels may be an early risk predictor for GC development.