化疗杀死肿瘤细胞,但它也造成身体其余部分十分严重的破坏。由伊戈尔·南卡罗来纳州大学药学院Roninson领导的一个研究小组刚刚公布研究发现一类新的药物可以减少化疗给细胞带来的不利影响。传统的抗癌药物虽然是目前癌症治疗的主要手段,但具有副作用,可损害健康的细胞,并导致尚存的癌细胞生长,南卡罗来纳州大学Roninson。
传统药物导致癌症死灰复燃,部分是因为这些药物既损害肿瘤细胞也损害患者的正常组织,导致受药物损伤的细胞发生许多变化包括衰老。可导致细胞衰老或老化,也可以由传统的抗癌药物和其他因素造成DNA损伤诱导。
衰老细胞和其他受损的细胞已被证明是产生癌症以及其他疾病如阿尔茨海默氏症和关节炎等相关的一类细胞。最近的研究已令人信服地证明这些衰老细胞分泌生物活性因子的重要性,但没有实际方法阻止这种模式的产生。在这项最新研究中,一系列的化学物质能抑制受损细胞的衰老和其分泌模式。这种抑制是减少化疗促进癌症作用的关键。雅典(希腊)大学合著者Hippokratis Kiaris进行小鼠常用的抗癌药物治疗,小鼠从这种治疗恢复后,药物治疗和未经处理的小鼠都注射癌细胞。
引人注目的是,抗癌药物预处理的小鼠的肿瘤比未经处理的小鼠更有效。此外,抗癌药物预处理的小鼠的血液中刺激肿瘤细胞生长的蛋白质含量较高。但老鼠给予一种名为Senexin A的药物治疗后,肿瘤生长和肿瘤支持生长因子的生成都被抑制了。同时Senexin A也提高了常规药物的抗肿瘤疗效。
Senexin A的作用蛋白是CDK8(细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶8)。Senexin A是第一个CDK8的选择性抑制剂,不同于其他已知CDK家族激酶,CDK8虽然参与了基因表达调控,但其不在细胞分裂中起作用。前期研究证实CDK8在结肠癌和黑色素瘤等癌症类型中起到重要作用。该研究团队发现CDK8基因表达与乳腺癌和卵巢癌患者的未复发存活持续时间有着密切联系。这项最新研究结果证实了CDK8与损伤和衰老诱导的癌症发生发展支持蛋白生成有关,CDK8的抑制类新药有可能为不同类型癌症带来治疗好处。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
编译自:A new approach to improving cancer chemotherapy
doi:10.1073/pnas.1206906109
PMC:
PMID:
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 mediates chemotherapy-induced tumor-promoting paracrine activities
Donald C. Portera,1, Elena Farmakib,1, Serena Altiliaa,c, Gary P. Schoolsc,d, et al.
Conventional chemotherapy not only kills tumor cells but also changes gene expression in treatment-damaged tissues, inducing production of multiple tumor-supporting secreted factors. This secretory phenotype was found here to be mediated in part by a damage-inducible cell-cycle inhibitor p21 (CDKN1A). We developed small-molecule compounds that inhibit damage-induced transcription downstream of p21. These compounds were identified as selective inhibitors of a transcription-regulating kinase CDK8 and its isoform CDK19. Remarkably, p21 was found to bind to CDK8 and stimulate its kinase activity. p21 and CDK8 also cooperate in the formation of internucleolar bodies, where both proteins accumulate. A CDK8 inhibitor suppresses damage-induced tumor-promoting paracrine activities of tumor cells and normal fibroblasts and reverses the increase in tumor engraftment and serum mitogenic activity in mice pretreated with a chemotherapeutic drug. The inhibitor also increases the efficacy of chemotherapy against xenografts formed by tumor cell/fibroblast mixtures. Microarray data analysis revealed striking correlations between CDK8 expression and poor survival in breast and ovarian cancers. CDK8 inhibition offers a promising approach to increasing the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.