南加州大学(USC)以及加州癌症预防研究所新的一项研究发现,在高温下烹调的红肉,尤其是煎红肉可能会使得患前列腺癌的风险增加多达40%。
南加州大学Keck医学院预防医学副教授Mariana Stern领导的研究分析,红色肉类和家禽、烹调手法、遗传易感性和前列腺癌风险之间的关系,研究揭示了红肉和其烹调手法是如何增加前列腺癌风险的,相关研究论文发表在Carcinogenesis杂志上。
以往的研究都强调高红肉饮食和前列腺癌的风险之间的关联,但相关证据是有限的。但是,红色肉类的烹调方法增加前列腺癌风险可能是在高温烹调时形成一个强有力的化学致癌物。
研究人员检查了近参加加州协同前列腺癌研究中的2000人,汇总数据是一个多种族,有病例对照的研究。研究参与者完成了全面的调查问卷,评估肉类的摄入量,包括家禽和加工红肉的数量和类型。关于烹饪的做法(例如,煎,烤箱,烤和烤)等,在研究中超过1000名男子被确诊为晚期前列腺癌。
我们发现,男性每周吃150多份煎红肉后晚期前列腺癌的风险增加30%,此外,吃250多份在高温下煮熟的红肉的男性患晚期前列腺癌的风险增加了40%。
当考虑特定类型的红肉、汉堡包而是牛排与前列腺癌的风险增加有关后,我们推测,是在汉堡中发现的致癌物质不同水平的积累而产生的结果,因为相比较于比牛排,红肉、汉堡包能够实现更快更高的内部和外部的温度。
研究人员不知道为什么高温煎肉会增加前列腺癌的风险,但他们怀疑这是由于在烹调红色的肉类和家禽中会形成DNA损伤的致癌物质即杂环胺(HCA)。有较强的实验证据证明HCA和多环芳烃等有助于引发某些癌症包括前列腺癌。
单从这个研究所得证据以作出任何健康建议来看还是很不够的,但在引发前列腺癌的公共卫生相关风险中,饮食因素和烹调方法是已知的危险因素。 这项研究是由前列腺癌基金会、美国癌症协会、全国环境卫生科学研究所和国家癌症研究所等资助。 (生物谷:Bioon.com)
编译自:Pan-Fried Meat Increases Risk of Prostate Cancer, New Study Finds
doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs242
PMC:
PMID:
Red meat and poultry, cooking practices, genetic susceptibility and risk of prostate cancer: results from the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study
Amit D Joshi4, Román Corral1, Chelsea Catsburg1, Juan-Pablo Lewinger1, Jocelyn Koo2, Esther M John3, Sue Ingles1 and Mariana C. Stern1
Red meat, processed and unprocessed, has been considered a potential prostate cancer (PCA) risk factor; epidemiological evidence, however, is inconclusive. An association between meat intake and PCA may be due to potent chemical carcinogens that are generated when meats are cooked at high temperatures. We investigated the association between red meat and poultry intake and localized and advanced PCA taking into account cooking practices and polymorphisms in enzymes that metabolize carcinogens that accumulate in cooked meats.
We analyzed data for 1,096 controls, 717 localized and 1,140 advanced cases from the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer Study, a multiethnic, population-based case-control study. We examined nutrient density-adjusted intake of red meat and poultry and tested for effect modification by 12 SNPs and 2 copy number variants in 10 carcinogen metabolism genes: GSTP1, PTGS2, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, EPHX1, CYP1B1, UGT1A6, NAT2, GSTM1 and GSTT1.
We observed a positive association between risk of advanced PCA and high intake of red meat cooked at high temperatures (trend p = 0.026), cooked by pan-frying (trend p = 0.035), and cooked until well-done (trend p = 0.013). An inverse association was observed for baked poultry and advanced PCA risk (trend p = 0.023). A gene-by-diet interaction was observed between a SNP in the PTGS2 gene and the estimated levels of meat mutagens (interaction p = 0.008).
Our results support a role for carcinogens that accumulate in meats cooked at high temperatures as potential PCA risk factors, and may support a role for heterocyclic amines in PCA etiology.