2012年9月3日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --间变性星形细胞瘤(anaplastic astrocytoma)和多形性胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma multiforme, GBM)都属于恶性神经胶质瘤,它们都是高度浸润性的。患者这些高度侵袭性的和经常是致命性的颅内恶性肿瘤的病人平均存活期小于12个月。
尽管当前人们采取多种方法来治疗恶性神经胶质瘤,但是它们经常复发。科学家们将复发的原因归结于内在性抵抗这些治疗方法的胶质瘤干细胞(glioma stem cells, GSCs)的存在,并且认为GSCs在神经胶质瘤发生中发挥着至关重要的作用。它们抵抗化疗和放疗,因而负责导致肿瘤恶化和复发。正正因为GSCs具有浸润性,再加上它们抵抗常规治疗方法,所以至今人们都没有成功地找到一种方法来治疗这类疾病。
与此同时,人们对促进神经胶质瘤发生的分子机制仍然知之甚少。内源性小分子非编码性RNA---微RNA(microRNAs, miRNAs)---的变化可能在肿瘤起始、恶化和转移中发挥着关键性的作用。
在这项研究中,为此证实是否如此,来自新加坡A*STAR机构、新加坡国立大学和奥地利格拉茨医科大学的研究人员比较了神经胶质瘤、胚胎干细胞和神经前体细胞(neural precursor cells, NPCs)和正常成人大脑组织的miRNA表达谱,结果表明除了证实之前的发现:原发性神经胶质瘤拥有类似于NPC的miRNA表达谱;miR-34a、miR-137和miR-451的过量表达相应地抑制GSCs增殖、破坏GSCs形成神经球和诱导GSCs分化,但是并不导致GSCs发生凋亡,他们还鉴定出miR-138为GSCs的分子标记,并证实它在促进GSCs生长和存活中发挥着关键性的作用。序列特异性抑制miR-138的功能在体外阻止GSCs形成神经球,在体内抑制肿瘤产生。
此外,研究人员还发现与正常组织相比,GSCs中miR-138更高水平的表达与肿瘤复发和存活相关联,这就突出表明miR-138作为预后生物标志物和医治恶性神经胶质瘤的治疗性靶标具有重要的临床意义。相关研究结果刊登在Cell Reports期刊上。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.07.012
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Targeting Glioma Stem Cells by Functional Inhibition of a Prosurvival OncomiR-138 in Malignant Gliomas
Xin Hui Derryn Chan, Srikanth Nama, Felicia Gopal, Pamela Rizk, Srinivas Ramasamy, Gopinath Sundaram, Ghim Siong Ow, Ivshina Anna Vladimirovna, Vivek Tanavde, Johannes Haybaeck, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Prabha Sampath
Malignant gliomas are the most aggressive forms of brain tumors, associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Recurrence and tumorigenesis are attributed to a subpopulation of tumor-initiating glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are intrinsically resistant to therapy. Initiation and progression of gliomas have been linked to alterations in microRNA expression. Here, we report the identification of microRNA-138 (miR-138) as a molecular signature of GSCs and demonstrate a vital role for miR-138 in promoting growth and survival of bona fide tumor-initiating cells with self-renewal potential. Sequence-specific functional inhibition of miR-138 prevents tumorsphere formation in vitro and impedes tumorigenesis in vivo. We delineate the components of the miR-138 regulatory network by loss-of-function analysis to identify specific regulators of apoptosis. Finally, the higher expression of miR-138 in GSCs compared to non-neoplastic tissue and association with tumor recurrence and survival highlights the clinical significance of miR-138 as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for treatment of malignant gliomas.