2012年9月11日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --当肿瘤转移或者在机体其它区域进行扩散时,最终使得癌症病人死亡的原因往往不是原发性的肿瘤。近日,来自威尔康乃尔医学院的研究者将注意力转移到了结直肠癌的发病原因上,他们重点研究了癌症细胞如何通过识别关键的化学信号分子来进行肿瘤的转移。同时研究者也开发出了低成本、无需进行手术的遗传开关来对结直肠癌癌细胞的行为进行开关控制。相关研究成果刊登在了9月4日的国际杂志Journal of Clinical Investigation上。
在这项研究中,研究者发现了一种称为炎症趋化因子相关的特殊信号分子机制可以诱导结直肠癌细胞进行转移。炎症趋化因子是一种可移动的因子,因为其可以帮助细胞在集体中进行移动,其对于机体抵御感染的免疫效应非常重要。
研究者确定了一种特殊的炎症趋化因子受体CCR9和炎症趋化因子配体CCL25之间的联系,这种联系和结直肠癌爱细胞转移有关。炎症趋化因子的正常表达可以使得癌细胞处于肠道之中,但是一旦细胞缺失CCR9的表达,那么癌细胞将会扩散。换句话说,癌细胞就会“劫持”信号分子机制。
这些昂研究发现为抗癌症转移疗法提供了一定的思路,研究者Chen用工程学技术制造出了携带有CCL25和CCR9转移开关的小鼠,当小鼠体内注射入癌症细胞后,这些开关就可以进行开关。首先,细胞表达CCR9受体,此时癌细胞仅仅处于肠道中,关闭开关后会使得癌细胞失去信号分子机制,随后癌症转移便开始发生。
研究者表示,这种新型技术(新型开关)可以消除传统研究癌症转移方法的瓶颈,传统的治疗方法比昂贵,使用新型开关,我们就可以更深入地研究癌症的转移以为开发新型抗癌疗法提供更大的帮助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
编译自:Metastatic 'switch' could lead to cancer therapies
doi:10.1172/JCI62110
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Chemokine 25–induced signaling suppresses colon cancer invasion and metastasis
Huanhuan Joyce Chen1,2, Robert Edwards3, Serena Tucci4,5, Pengcheng Bu2,6, Jeff Milsom7, Sang Lee7, Winfried Edelmann8, Zeynep H. Gümüs4,5, Xiling Shen2,6 and Steven Lipkin1
Chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) can help regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that chemokine 25 (CCL25) and its cognate receptor chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis. We found that CCR9 protein expression levels were highest in colon adenomas and progressively decreased in invasive and metastatic CRCs. CCR9 was expressed in both primary tumor cell cultures and colon-cancer-initiating cell (CCIC) lines derived from early-stage CRCs but not from metastatic CRC. CCL25 stimulated cell proliferation by activating AKT signaling. In vivo, systemically injected CCR9+ early-stage CCICs led to the formation of orthotopic gastrointestinal xenograft tumors. Blocking CCR9 signaling inhibited CRC tumor formation in the native gastrointestinal CCL25+ microenvironment, while increasing extraintestinal tumor incidence. NOTCH signaling, which promotes CRC metastasis, increased extraintestinal tumor frequency by stimulating CCR9 proteasomal degradation. Overall, these data indicate that CCL25 and CCR9 regulate CRC progression and invasion and further demonstrate an appropriate in vivo experimental system to study CRC progression in the native colon microenvironment.