在发表于《科学转化医学》(Science Translational Medicine)杂志上的一项研究中,来自梅奥诊所的研究人员证实:将帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)和紫杉醇(paclitaxel)组合到一起,有希望减缓甲状腺未分化癌(Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer,ATC)的进程。主管研究员、梅奥诊所肿瘤学家Keith Bible博士表示,相比于单独用药,两种药物组合使用对甲状腺未分化癌显示出更大的抗癌活性。
甲状腺未分化癌是一种少见的高度恶性甲状腺癌,通常累及年龄在60-70岁之间的男性和女性。其非常具有侵袭性,从确诊开始中位数生存期只有5个月,20%的患者在确诊后能够生存超过一年。过往的研究表明它对大部分的治疗耐受。
帕唑帕尼是一种可用于干扰癌细胞生长的激酶抑制剂,当前已获得美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准,用于治疗肾癌。紫杉醇是一种经FDA批准,用于破坏癌细胞分裂的化疗药物。
研究人员在细胞培养物和动物模型中研究了甲状腺未分化癌细胞和肿瘤,证实人类甲状腺未分化癌细胞很容易被杀死,相比于单独用药组,联合用药组小鼠植入的甲状腺未分化癌肿瘤药要小50%。采用联合用药,对一位转移性甲状腺未分化癌患者进行实验性治疗,患者肿瘤显着缩小持续达6个月以上。“对于这一在数日之内,大小即可翻倍的侵袭性肿瘤类型而言,这是一个非常意外的研究发现,” Bible说。
在以往的研究中,单独使用帕唑帕尼并不能有效地治疗甲状腺未分化癌。加入紫杉醇治疗可以抑制甲状腺未分化癌的侵袭性,增强抗癌效应。此外,研究小组还调查了两种药物相互互补的机制。
在时间推移视频显微镜下,研究人员对癌细胞增殖进行了监控。他们指出联合用药导致了异常的细胞分裂,使得甲状腺未分化癌细胞死亡增加。尽管当时并不清楚帕唑帕尼特异影响了细胞分裂,研究人员推测该药在癌细胞中有可能具有其他的未知分子靶点。
Bible 博士说:“我们最终知道,帕唑帕尼也抑制了参与细胞分裂的蛋白aurora A;帕唑帕尼与紫杉醇联合使用抗癌效应增强看起来与这一特性有关。这一研究结果表明,这种联合治疗或许也适用于如乳腺癌等其他癌症,在这些癌症中有时也发现aurora A水平增高。”
这些研究结果还推动了一项正在开展的随机多中心临床试验,梅奥诊所和纪念斯隆-凯特林癌症中心的研究人员在这一试验中,对于初治的甲状腺未分化癌患者给予了放疗结合两药联合治疗。
“下一个重要阶段是要确定,相比单独使用紫杉醇,联合用药是否能改善甲状腺未分化癌患者的生存,” Bible博士说。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004358
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Pazopanib Enhances Paclitaxel-Induced Mitotic Catastrophe in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Crescent R. Isham1,2, Ayoko R. Bossou1,2, Vivian Negron3, Kelly E. Fisher4, Rakesh Kumar4,Laura Marlow5, Wilma L. Lingle3, Robert C. Smallridge2,6, Eric J. Sherman7, Vera J. Suman2,8,John A. Copland2,5 and Keith C. Bible1,2,*
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has perhaps the worst prognosis of any cancer, with a median survival of only about 5 months regardless of stage. Pazopanib monotherapy has promising clinical activity in differentiated thyroid cancers (generally attributed to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition), yet has less effective single-agent activity in ATC. We now report that combining pazopanib with microtubule inhibitors such as paclitaxel produced heightened and synergistic antitumor effects in ATC cells and xenografts that were associated with potentiated mitotic catastrophe. We hypothesized that combined effects may reflect enhanced paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity mediated by cell cycle regulatory kinase inhibition by pazopanib. Indeed, pazopanib potently inhibited aurora A, with pazopanib/paclitaxel synergy recapitulated by aurora A short hairpin RNA knockdown or by specific aurora A pharmacological inhibition. Pazopanib/paclitaxel synergy was reversed by aurora A knockdown. Moreover, aurora A (but not B or C) message and protein levels were significantly increased in patient ATCs, and durable benefit resulted from pilot clinical translation of pazopanib/paclitaxel therapy in a patient with metastatic ATC. Collectively, these results suggest that the pazopanib/paclitaxel combination is a promising candidate therapeutic approach in ATC and that aurora A may represent a potentially viable therapeutic molecular target in ATC.