日本研究人员一项最新研究发现,某个基因与遭受辐射很长时间后才会发病的“迟发性”白血病有关。这将有助于对遭受辐射者进行健康管理,并对白血病进行早期预防、发现和治疗。
在遭受核辐射和在放射线治疗中遭受大量辐射后,有些人经过很长时间才会出现白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)。广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸亲历者中就有很多这样的患者。广岛大学教授稻叶俊哉等人发现,很多患者的7号染色体异常,并锁定7号染色体上负责调整细胞分裂的一对“Samd9L”基因可能是致病原因。
研究人员通过基因操作获得这种基因异常的实验鼠,并与正常实验鼠进行对比研究。结果发现,健康的实验鼠在出生25个月后,因白血病和MDS而死亡的比率只有约7%,而缺乏一个“Samd9L”基因和缺乏一对该基因的实验鼠,这一数字则分别是53%和60%。
不过,这些缺乏一个或一对“Samd9L”基因的实验鼠在一年之内都没有出现死亡,而且也几乎未患其他恶性肿瘤。稻叶俊哉说,虽然该基因比其他基因致癌的能力弱,但却能带来长期影响。
这项研究成果已发表在美国《癌细胞》杂志网络版上。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Cancer Cell 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.011
Haploinsufficiency of SAMD9L, an Endosome Fusion Facilitator, Causes Myeloid Malignancies in Mice Mimicking Human Diseases with Monosomy 7
Akiko Nagamachi, Hirotaka Matsui, Hiroya Asou, Yuko Ozaki, Daisuke Aki, Akinori Kanai, Keiyo Takubo, Toshio Suda, Takuro Nakamura, Linda Wolff, Hiroaki Honda, Toshiya Inaba
Monosomy 7 and interstitial deletion of 7q (−7/7q−) are well-recognized nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities frequently found among patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and myeloid leukemias. We previously identified candidate myeloid tumor suppressor genes (SAMD9, SAMD9-like = SAMD9L, and Miki) in the 7q21.3 subband. We established SAMD9L-deficient mice and found that SAMD9L+/− mice as well as SAMD9L−/− mice develop myeloid diseases resembling human diseases associated with −7/7q−. SAMD9L-deficient hematopoietic stem cells showed enhanced colony formation potential and in vivo reconstitution ability. SAMD9L localizes in early endosomes. SAMD9L-deficient cells showed delays in homotypic endosome fusion, resulting in persistence of ligand-bound cytokine receptors. These findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of SAMD9L and/or SAMD9 gene(s) contributes to myeloid transformation.