加拿大玛嘉烈医院癌症中心的临床研究人员发现,未成熟祖细胞的耐药性是导致多发性骨髓瘤复发的根本原因。此项研究成果发表在今天的《癌细胞》杂志网络版上。
研究表明,使用蛋白酶抑制剂“万珂”的主流疗法可杀死组成大多数肿瘤的浆细胞,但其无法触及祖细胞。祖细胞增殖并成熟后,即便是在病情似乎已得到完全缓解的情况下也会重启疾病进程。
玛嘉烈医院血液学家、多伦多大学医学院助理教授罗杰·泰德曼博士称,此项发现为治愈多发性骨髓瘤指明了一条新途径,那就是同时将祖细胞和浆细胞作为治疗靶标。了解了祖细胞的耐药性是导致多发性骨髓瘤“愈后”复发的主因,医生在临床实践中就可测出患者体内的“残存”病情,开发新药或利用现有药物进行针对性治疗。
在研究多发性骨髓瘤治疗失效的过程中,研究人员发现了该种疾病与肿瘤细胞成熟度之间的关系,并证明了骨髓癌细胞的成熟度对蛋白酶抑制剂的敏感性起着重要作用。目前的药物研究专注于开发新的蛋白酶抑制剂,仅沿着此一路径将永远无法治愈多发性骨髓瘤。
泰德曼表示,如果将多发性骨髓瘤比作杂草,类似“万珂”这样的蛋白酶抑制剂就像是爱挑剔的山羊,它只吃地面上的成熟叶子,地面的杂草虽没有了,但由于没有吃到草根,因此一段时间以后杂草还会长出来。
研究人员对7500个多发性骨髓瘤细胞进行了高通量筛选试验,并观察其药物反应效果,然后对患者进行骨髓活检以进一步确定药效。试验最终发现有两个基因(IRE1和XBP1)可调整对蛋白酶抑制剂“万珂”的反应,从而明确了作为治愈障碍的耐药性背后的作用机理。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Cancer Cell Doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.009
Xbp1s-Negative Tumor B Cells and Pre-Plasmablasts Mediate Therapeutic Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Chungyee Leung-Hagesteijn, Natalie Erdmann, Grace Cheung, Jonathan J. Keats, A. Keith Stewart, Donna E. Reece, Kim Chan Chung, Rodger E. Tiedemann
Highlights
MM tumors contain Xbp1s− progenitors that survive proteasome inhibition
Xbp1s absence arrests secretory maturation and ER loading, reducing ERAD dependence
PI resistance mechanisms in patients differ from in vitro models
These data help explain the failure to cure MM with current therapy
Summary
Proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance mechanisms in multiple myeloma (MM) remain controversial. We report the existence of a progenitor organization in primary MM that recapitulates maturation stages between B cells and plasma cells and that contributes to clinical PI resistance. Xbp1s− tumor B cells and pre-plasmablasts survive therapeutic PI, preventing cure, while maturation arrest of MM before the plasmablast stage enables progressive disease on PI treatment. Mechanistically, suppression of Xbp1s in MM is shown to induce bortezomib resistance via de-commitment to plasma cell maturation and immunoglobulin production, diminishing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) front-loading and cytotoxic susceptibility to PI-induced inhibition of ER-associated degradation. These results reveal the tumor progenitor structure in MM and highlight its role in therapeutic failure.