10月26日,国际学术期刊Journal of Molecular Cell Biology在线发表了中科院上海生科院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所李伯良研究组和宋保亮研究组最新合作研究论文A specific cholesterol metabolic pathway is established in a subset of HCCs for tumor growth。该论文报道一条肝癌特异性的胆固醇代谢途径,他们的工作阐明该途径在肝癌生长中发挥的重要作用。
肝癌是世界常见恶性肿瘤, 五年存活率仅为7%,高居癌症致死原因的第三位。肝癌在亚洲尤其是我国发病率极高,中国每年有11万人死于肝癌,几乎占全球肝癌死亡率的一半。肝脏在体内胆固醇代谢平衡中发挥极重要作用。氧化型胆固醇是一类重要的胆固醇代谢产物,参与许多生物学过程。但是过量的氧化型胆固醇具有比胆固醇自身更大的细胞毒性。因此,在生理条件下,全身来源的氧化型胆固醇被转运到肝脏进行进一步的代谢。肝癌使肝脏功能受到极大的损伤,导致包括胆固醇代谢在内的许多代谢过程出现病理性变化。然而,胆固醇代谢变化在肝癌发生发展中的作用还不清楚。
博士后鲁明和博士研究生胡西旵等研究人员通过对肝癌病人的组织样本以及肝癌细胞株的研究发现,在一部分肝癌里存在一条特异性的胆固醇代谢途径,其包括ACAT2基因的诱导高表达与ACAT2介导的过量氧化型胆固醇的酯化分泌过程。肝癌细胞通过这条代谢途径消除过量氧化型胆固醇的细胞毒性。进一步的研究显示,在肝癌细胞株或肝癌移植瘤中,利用ACAT2特异性抑制剂阻断该特异性胆固醇代谢途径,可导致游离氧化型胆固醇的累积而抑制肝癌细胞株或肝癌移植瘤的生长。深入的机制研究表明,ACAT2基因启动子区域的低甲基化,在肝癌细胞诱导高表达ACAT2中发挥至关重要的作用。该研究发现一条肝癌自身生长特异的胆固醇代谢途径,对肝癌特别是晚期肝癌的临床治疗具有重要的意义。
该研究课题得到了国家科技部和国家自然科学基金委的资助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐的英文摘要
Journal of Molecular Cell Biology doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt039
A specific cholesterol metabolic pathway is established in a subset of HCCs for tumor growth
Ming Lu1, Xi-Han Hu1, Qin Li1, Ying Xiong1, Guang-Jing Hu1, Jia-Jia Xu1, Xiao-Nan Zhao1, Xi-Xiao Wei1, Catherine C. Y. Chang2, Yin-Kun Liu3, Fa-Jun Nan4, Jia Li4, Ta-Yuan Chang2, Bao-Liang Song1,* and Bo-Liang Li1
The liver plays a central role in cholesterol homeostasis. It exclusively receives and metabolizes oxysterols, which are important metabolites of cholesterol and are more cytotoxic than free cholesterol, from all extrahepatic tissues. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) impair certain liver functions and cause pathological alterations in many processes including cholesterol metabolism. However, the link between an altered cholesterol metabolism and HCC development is unclear. Human ACAT2 is abundantly expressed in intestine and fetal liver. Our previous studies have shown that ACAT2 is induced in certain HCC tissues. Here, by investigating tissue samples from HCC patients and HCC cell lines, we report that a specific cholesterol metabolic pathway, involving induction of ACAT2 and esterification of excess oxysterols for secretion to avoid cytotoxicity, is established in a subset of HCCs for tumor growth. Inhibiting ACAT2 leads to the intracellular accumulation of unesterified oxysterols and suppresses the growth of both HCC cell lines and their xenograft tumors. Further mechanistic studies reveal that HCC-linked promoter hypomethylation is essential for the induction of ACAT2 gene expression. We postulate that specifically blocking this HCC-established cholesterol metabolic pathway may have potential therapeutic applications for HCC patients.