美国斯克利普斯研究院(TSRI)的研究人员近日揭示了大分子机器如何解开细胞核内长而纠结的DNA链。这种DNA解旋极为重要,它能指导合成具有许多特定功能的蛋白。相关研究论文在线发表于11月23日的《自然—结构与分子生物学》(Nature Structural & Molecular Biology)上。
研究人员使用大分子低温电子显微镜,记录了保存于极低温度下的单个分子的图像,并用这些图像来判定分子的结构。研究人员采用啤酒酵母做样本,给染色质重构复合物RSC——一种大型且灵活的解旋DNA的蛋白机器——和核小体的联合体拍摄了数千张照片。之后研究人员使用强大的数字处理技术,将单独的RSC分子二维图像转为运转中分子的详细三维图像。
RSC是由13种不同蛋白组成的巨大的复合物,研究人员首先发现它具有一个单个的核小体,看起来像夹钳。研究人员接着发现,RCS在DNA中制造了一个小的突起,使DNA相对于组蛋白的迁移成为可能,从而暴露DNA使其可被“阅读”。
研究领导者、斯克利普斯研究院副教授Francisco Asturias说:“通过外部能源(ATP水解),RSC能够不断地把DNA从组蛋白中拉出,最终暴露出全部DNA。有趣的是,虽然DNA逐渐暴露出来,但绑定到RSC的核小体却保持完整。”
Asturias表示:“每次你的细胞表达一个基因。都会进行这样的解包和打包过程。这一关键过程每天在我们的每一个细胞中发生无数次,但是我们对其机理一直不甚了解。我们揭示的这一结构为理解基因表达调控过程的起始步骤之一提供了线索。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,doi:10.1038/nsmb.1524,Yuriy Chaban,Francisco J Asturias
Structure of a RSC–nucleosome complex and insights into chromatin remodeling
Yuriy Chaban1, Chukwudi Ezeokonkwo1, Wen-Hsiang Chung1, Fan Zhang1, Roger D Kornberg2, Barbara Maier-Davis2, Yahli Lorch2 & Francisco J Asturias1
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, such as RSC, can reposition, evict or restructure nucleosomes. A structure of a RSC–nucleosome complex with a nucleosome determined by cryo-EM shows the nucleosome bound in a central RSC cavity. Extensive interaction of RSC with histones and DNA seems to destabilize the nucleosome and lead to an overall ATP-independent rearrangement of its structure. Nucleosomal DNA appears disordered and largely free to bulge out into solution as required for remodeling, but the structure of the RSC–nucleosome complex indicates that RSC is unlikely to displace the octamer from the nucleosome to which it is bound. Consideration of the RSC–nucleosome structure and published biochemical information suggests that ATP-dependent DNA translocation by RSC may result in the eviction of histone octamers from adjacent nucleosomes.
1 Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
2 Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94035, USA.