美国研究人员22日发表报告说,他们发现了能中和多种流感病毒毒株的人单克隆抗体。这些抗体由单个B淋巴细胞分泌合成,可中和的流感病毒包括H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒和季节性流感病毒,将来在此研究基础上有望开发出高效流感疫苗。
研究人员介绍说,组成流感病毒的血凝素蛋白共有16种亚型,他们发现的人单克隆抗体能中和其中9种,除了目前已知的4种禽流感病毒和季节性流感病毒,还包括造成1918年西班牙大流感的H1N1型流感病毒。
美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长安东尼·福奇指出,这项研究意义重大,它表明在流感暴发而疫苗尚未生产出来之前,人单克隆抗体将是重要的抗病毒补充药物。
该研究报告的第一通讯作者、哈佛大学医学院旅美中国学者隋建华博士对记者说,人类患流感或接种流感疫苗后通常会产生抗体,但是这些抗体通常仅能中和以前接触过的相同病毒毒株。新发现的人单克隆抗体则具有广泛的中和活性,并且可在较短的时间内大量制备。这些抗体可与抗病毒药物联合使用以阻止病毒的传播,预防流感。
据研究人员22日发表在英国《自然·结构和分子生物学》杂志网络版的报告介绍,流感病毒有一个隐蔽且序列和结构保守的区域,该区域位于流感病毒的主要膜蛋白——血凝素蛋白的颈干部位,人体很少产生针对这一区域的抗体。而他们通过体外方法分离的人单克隆抗体能有效地与这一区域结合,阻止流感病毒变异,使其丧失感染人体细胞的能力。
领导这项研究的达纳-法伯癌症研究所副教授韦恩·马拉斯克说,这些单克隆抗体是人源抗体,目前已可用来实施更进一步的临床前及临床研究。他认为,这些人单克隆抗体可在流感季节用来治疗免疫能力低、高龄个体和医疗工作者等高危人群。
研究人员下一步的计划是,针对流感病毒所在的区域开发疫苗,这样的疫苗有望使人体获得长期的抗流感病毒能力。
据世界卫生组织统计,全世界每年有25万至50万人死于季节性流感。历史上曾发生多次流感大流行,1918年发生的西班牙大流感曾导致上千万人死亡。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Published online: 22 February 2009 | doi:10.1038/nsmb.1566
Structural and functional bases for broad-spectrum neutralization of avian and human influenza A viruses
Jianhua Sui1,4, William C Hwang2,4, Sandra Perez3, Ge Wei2, Daniel Aird1, Li-mei Chen3, Eugenio Santelli2, Boguslaw Stec2, Greg Cadwell2, Maryam Ali1, Hongquan Wan3, Akikazu Murakami1, Anuradha Yammanuru1, Thomas Han1, Nancy J Cox3, Laurie A Bankston2, Ruben O Donis3, Robert C Liddington2 & Wayne A Marasco1
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a serious health threat, owing to its ability to evade immune surveillance through rapid genetic drift and reassortment. Here we used a human non-immune antibody phage-display library and the H5 hemagglutinin ectodomain to select ten neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that were effective against all group 1 influenza viruses tested, including H5N1 'bird flu' and the H1N1 'Spanish flu'. The crystal structure of one such nAb bound to H5 shows that it blocks infection by inserting its heavy chain into a conserved pocket in the stem region, thus preventing membrane fusion. Nine of the nAbs employ the germline gene VH1-69, and all seem to use the same neutralizing mechanism. Our data further suggest that this region is recalcitrant to neutralization escape and that nAb-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.
1 Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street JFB 826, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
2 Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
3 Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-16, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
4 These authors contributed equally to this work.