维甲酸X受体(RXR)是核受体家族蛋白中的一员,在核受体调控信号通路中发挥重要作用。RXR能与三分之一的核受体家族蛋白形成异源二聚体,参与了包括细胞生长、分化、代谢和胚胎发育等许多重要生理过程的调节。因此,RXR被认为是治疗癌症和代谢性疾病的重要药物作用靶标之一。RXR主要由DNA结合结构域(DBD)和配体结合结构域(LBD)组成。多功能的LBD负责调控RXR二聚化、四聚化以及配体依赖的受体激活。RXR同源四聚体的解离被认为是RXR激活的第一步,而四聚体的形成也可以将细胞内过量的RXR以无活性的状态储存起来。一般认为,RXR配体诱导RXR发生剧烈构象变化后将起始下游基因的转录,因此从结构上阐明RXR与其配体的作用将具有重要的理论意义。然而迄今为止,仍未见RXR与其拮抗剂形成的复合物晶体结构报道。
最近,中科院上海药物研究所沈旭课题组与蒋华良及胡立宏课题组合作,博士研究生张海涛与周蓉(华东理工大学药学院联合培养硕博生)等发现天然产物Danthron是RXRa特异性拮抗剂,并获得了RXRa-LBD/Danthron复合物晶体,成功解析了其结构,这是国际上RXR与其拮抗剂复合物晶体结构的首例报道,研究发现Danthron采用稳定无活性RXR受体四聚体构象方式拮抗RXRa的转录激活。
研究所取得的成果将为RXR拮抗剂的设计筛选提供了新的重要研究思路。此外,由于Danthron是中药大黄的主要成分之一,大黄曾被发现具有抗糖尿病和抗癌的作用,但其作用机理尚不明确,因此该项研究还为中药大黄有效成分的相应药理作用提供了相关作用靶点信息。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
J. Biol. Chem. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M110.166215
Danthron functions as an RXR antagonist by stabilizing the receptor's tetramers
Haitao Zhang1, Rong Zhou2, Li Li2, Jing Chen1, Lili Chen1, Chenjing Li1, Hong Ding1, Liang Yu1, Lihong Hu1, Hualiang Jiang1 and Xu Shen1,*
Abstract
Retinoic X receptor (RXR) is a promising target for drug discovery against cancer and metabolic syndromes. Here we identified a specific RXRα antagonist danthron from the traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb. Danthron repressed all the tested RXRα-involved response elements transcription, including RXRE, PPRE, FXRE and LXRE. Results from native PAGE and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) based assays indicated that danthron bound to the tetrameric RXRα-LBD in a specific stoichimetric ratio, and such a binding could influence the corepressor SMRT affinity to the receptor. Additionally, a unique tetrameric structure of apo RXRα ligand-binding domain (LBD) was determined, which exhibited a larger tetramer interface and different ligand-binding pocket size compared with the previously reported one. Together with the biochemical and biophysical results, the determined crystal structure of danthron-soaked RXRα-LBD suggested a new mechanism for danthron antagonism to tetrameric RXRα. Moreover, the in vivo efficient improvement of insulin sensitivity by danthron was observed in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Thus our findings were expected to supply new insights into the structural basis of RXRα antagonist for its further potential therapeutic application.