6月14日,Structure杂志在线报道了与心衰等多种重要疾病相关的生物碱利阿诺定受体(RyR)结构的最新研究进展。RyR是一类位于内质网膜上的钙离子释放通道,常作为磷酸化和疾病突变的靶点。
该研究揭示了三种RyR异构体(RyR1-3)的一个关键的磷酸化靶点结构域的晶体结构。该结构域含有Ser2843 (RyR1) 和Ser2808/Ser2814 (RyR2)磷酸化位点。RyR1中磷酸化靶点结构域是11种疾病突变的靶点。其中一些突变聚集在磷酸化位点的附近,这提示磷酸化和疾病突变可能影响同一蛋白结构界面。L2867G突变可导致蛋白热力学极大的不稳定及室温条件下的聚集。其他疾病突变体的晶体结构显示,这些突变影响蛋白表面特性和结构域内盐桥。
体外磷酸化实验显示,在RyR2的一个长环结构中有多达5个氨基酸残基可被PKA或钙调蛋白II所磷酸化。为确定磷酸化靶点结构域在RyR三维结构中的位置,研究者将晶体结构接合为低温电子显微图,发现在RyR蛋白的钳状区域有一个假定的位点。这提示突变和磷酸化可影响此区域内的变构运动。
利阿诺定受体结构信息的进一步阐明可为针对心衰等疾病的药物研发提供更多的参考。(生物谷bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.017
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Disease Mutations in the Ryanodine Receptor Central Region: Crystal Structures of a Phosphorylation Hot Spot Domain
Zhiguang Yuchi, Kelvin Lau, Filip Van Petegem
Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) are huge Ca2+ release channels in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and form targets for phosphorylation and disease mutations. We present crystal structures of a domain in three RyR isoforms, containing the Ser2843 (RyR1) and Ser2808/Ser2814 (RyR2) phosphorylation sites. The RyR1 domain is the target for 11 disease mutations. Several of these are clustered near the phosphorylation sites, suggesting that phosphorylation and disease mutations may affect the same interface. The L2867G mutation causes a drastic thermal destabilization and aggregation at room temperature. Crystal structures for other disease mutants show that they affect surface properties and intradomain salt bridges. In vitro phosphorylation experiments show that up to five residues in one long loop of RyR2 can be phosphorylated by PKA or CaMKII. Docking into cryo-electron microscopy maps suggests a putative location in the clamp region, implying that mutations and phosphorylation may affect the allosteric motions within this area.