当你在奔跑的时候，从化学的角度来说，你变成了一个不同的人。一项最新新的研究报道称。
这项研究所勘测的是在运动的时候，血液中的化学物质会发生怎样的变化。 这项研究找到了在身体中的化学开关，这些化学开关在运动的时候，在较健康的人相对于不太健康的人中是显然不同的。 通过运动出汗并让心跳加快已知可保护人体免生许多疾病并可延长寿命，但人们对运动为什么会带来这些绝对正面的效果依然不是很清楚。这些发现使人们对运动是如何影响代谢有了新的了解，并可能使人们研发出新的诊断测试来评估一个人的健康状况，以及用最新的添加物质来补充运动后丧失的代谢物质（想一下在奔跑后大口咽下充满了代谢物的能量饮料）。
身体中每一种应用能量的活动都会导致代谢物的产生。代谢物是那些在血液中所测得的物质，它们是来自本原物质的代谢或降解所产生的物质。每个血样本中含有数百种这样的代谢物，在某一天它们可提供一份有关某个人健康状态的化学‘快照。’如今，Gregory Lewis及其同僚显示，健康的个人与不太健康的个人有着一套显然不同的代谢物的变化。研究人员应用高度灵敏的质谱分析法来检测一组参与者在跑步机上运动之前、之中和之后的血液中的200种代谢物。
他们发现，健康的人的储存脂肪、糖和氨基酸的崩解可增加98%，而不太健康的人的增幅只有60-70%。在另外一组非常健康的参与波士顿马拉松赛的人，其增幅则可高达惊人的1128%。这些结果显示，更为健康的个人（无论是因为先天健康或是通过训练而变得健康）其血流中都有不同的生物化学变化，这些变化使得他们可以比那些不太健康的人燃烧更多的热卡。 （生物谷Bioon.com）
关于跑步的延伸阅读
Nature：光脚跑步更加健康
PM&R：穿着慢跑鞋跑步可能更易致关节损伤
Nature：长跑才使人有别于其他灵长类动物
Science TM：运动中人体代谢变化的检测
J Appl Physiol.：人类奔跑最快可达64公里每小时
新能源汽车：跑步前进的光明与纠结
跑步能延长脑细胞的存活时间
奶牛踩踏跑步机发电制造能源增加产奶一举两得
心率、时间与氧气决定有氧运动减肥
生物谷推荐原文出处：
Sci Transl Med DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001006
Metabolic Signatures of Exercise in Human Plasma
Gregory D. Lewis1,2,3,4,*, Laurie Farrell1, Malissa J. Wood1, Maryann Martinovic1, Zoltan Arany5, Glenn C. Rowe5, Amanda Souza4, Susan Cheng1,6,7, Elizabeth L. McCabe6, Elaine Yang4, Xu Shi4, Rahul Deo1,8, Frederick P. Roth8, Aarti Asnani1,2, Eugene P. Rhee4,9, David M. Systrom10, Marc J. Semigran1, Ramachandran S. Vasan6,11,12, Steven A. Carr4, Thomas J. Wang1,6, Marc S. Sabatine3,7, Clary B. Clish4 and Robert E. Gerszten1,2,3,4,*
1Cardiology Division and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
2Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
3Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center on Atherosclerosis at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
4Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
5Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
6Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
7Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
8Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
9Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
10Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
11Sections of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
12Cardiology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Exercise provides numerous salutary effects, but our understanding of how these occur is limited. To gain a clearer picture of exercise-induced metabolic responses, we have developed comprehensive plasma metabolite signatures by using mass spectrometry to measure >200 metabolites before and after exercise. We identified plasma indicators of glycogenolysis (glucose-6-phosphate), tricarboxylic acid cycle span 2 expansion (succinate, malate, and fumarate), and lipolysis (glycerol), as well as modulators of insulin sensitivity (niacinamide) and fatty acid oxidation (pantothenic acid). Metabolites that were highly correlated with fitness parameters were found in subjects undergoing acute exercise testing and marathon running and in 302 subjects from a longitudinal cohort study. Exercise-induced increases in glycerol were strongly related to fitness levels in normal individuals and were attenuated in subjects with myocardial ischemia. A combination of metabolites that increased in plasma in response to exercise (glycerol, niacinamide, glucose-6-phosphate, pantothenate, and succinate) up-regulated the expression of nur77, a transcriptional regulator of glucose utilization and lipid metabolism genes in skeletal muscle in vitro. Plasma metabolic profiles obtained during exercise provide signatures of exercise performance and cardiovascular disease susceptibility, in addition to highlighting molecular pathways that may modulate the salutary effects of exercise.
