学校里不听话的孩子总是很让老师头痛,但他们的表现或许与本身的睡眠有很大关系。加拿大的研究人员10月15日在美国《儿科》(Pediatrics)杂志网站发表报告称,他们以小学生为对象完成的调查显示,睡眠充足的孩子在学校里的行为表现更好,反之他们更容易急躁、发脾气。
为研究睡眠长短与学校表现之间的关系,麦吉尔大学道格拉斯研究中心科学家雷乌特·格吕贝等人在家长同意的情况下,征集了34名7岁到11岁的小学生参与这项实验。这些健康儿童没有睡眠、行为以及学业方面的障碍,老师也不知道他们参加了试验。
据介绍,在学期的一周内,半数学生上床时间有所提前,他们在这一周内,平均每天多睡27分钟;另一半学生的睡眠时间则向后推迟,平均每天少睡54分钟。
研究人员观察后发现,睡眠不足的学生比其他同班同学更容易冲动、发脾气,碰到麻烦爱哭泣或沮丧,而睡眠充足的儿童能更好地控制情绪,做事更机敏。
格吕贝说,适当延长孩子的睡眠,有助提高孩子健康和日常表现。
未参与研究的美国国家儿童医疗中心专家朱迪思·欧文斯说,这项研究有一定意义,因为缺乏睡眠影响记忆、创造力乃至判断力;一个犯困的学生不可能在教室里集中注意力,他们与老师的关系、与同学打交道的能力、学业都会受影响。
一般而言,小学生每天通常需要10小时到11小时睡眠,但每个孩子的具体情况不同。那么,如何判断孩子睡眠是否充足呢?
欧文斯说:“这个年龄段的孩子白天不应该犯困,如果他们在车里或看电视时睡着了,这就是(孩子睡眠不足的)危险信号。”另一个方法是关注他们在假期里的睡眠长度。如果他们在假期里每天睡眠都比上学时更长,说明他们平常缺乏睡眠。
欧文斯说,睡眠与营养、锻炼等都是孩子健康的基础,家长应该给予足够重视。为了让孩子养成良好的睡眠习惯,家长应在他们上床前半小时关掉电视和电脑等电子设备,并且每天都要让孩子持续按照作息时间表睡眠;同时,大人应首先为孩子树立作息规律的榜样,让他们明白睡眠的重要性。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0564
PMC:
PMID:
Impact of Sleep Extension and Restriction on Children’s Emotional Lability and Impulsivity
Reut Gruber, PhDa,b, Jamie Cassoff, BSca,b, Sonia Frenette, PhDc, Sabrina Wiebe, MSca,b, and Julie Carrier, PhD
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of moderate sleep extension and restriction on child behavior in school. METHODS: We conducted a randomized parallel group study to determine the impact of an experimental sleep extension (addition of 1 hour of sleep relative to baseline habitual sleep duration on weekdays) and experimental sleep restriction (elimination of 1 hour of sleep relative to baseline habitual sleep duration on weekdays) on child behavior in school. The primary outcome measures were scores on the Conners’ Global Index Scale, as determined by teachers blinded to sleep status of the participants. A sample of 34 typically developing children aged 7 to 11 years with no reported sleep problems and no behavioral, medical, or academic issues participated in the study. RESULTS: Our main findings were that (1) a cumulative extension of sleep duration of 27.36 minutes was associated with detectable improvement in Conners’ Global Index–derived emotional lability and restless-impulsive behavior scores of children in school and a significant reduction in reported daytime sleepiness; and (2) a cumulative restriction of sleep of 54.04 minutes was associated with detectable deterioration on such measures. CONCLUSIONS: A modest extension in sleep duration was associated with significant improvement in alertness and emotional regulation, whereas a modest sleep restriction had opposite effects.