美国知名杂志《公共科学图书馆·综合》（PLoS ONE）1月20日在线发表了上海交通大学医学院医学遗传学教研室张海国副教授领衔的《中国全民族肤纹分布格局》研究论文。作者证实了中华56个民族的肤纹特征表现出很强的民族杂合性、各少数民族互相间的肤纹基因有渊源且影响至今：中华民族自古就是一家人！
此项研究自1978年起进行，前后经过了30年不懈努力。论文署名共有海内外11个单位的15位专家，是团队的作品，集体的成果。研究者采集了56个民族的156个模式样本、含6万8千多人的数百万数据。
民族肤纹学是以民族群体为对象、以认定族群渊源关系为目标的基础研究科目。肤纹是古老民族的标志和印记，通过研究，可追踪民族的起源及其迁徙路线。肤纹在个人是各不相同、终身稳定，在民族群体间是有很大差异。同一民族群体的肤纹相对稳定。肤纹可以作为甄别、寻根和溯源的遗传标记物，对人类学、民族学、遗传学和医学的研究有着重要的意义。
有资料表明，现代人类源于10万年的非洲，约3至5万年前其中一支祖先在亚洲东南部生活，而后向亚洲北部迁徙，约5000多年前在我国中原地区繁衍成华夏民族。张海国等研究人员应用肤纹聚类分析统计法，将中华56个民族梳理成南方和北方两大民族群，找到了民族肤纹的标志性群体，也明确了民族主支和支系的关系等。在作样本分析中他们发现，华夏民族的古老遗传密码在我们现代人肤纹上依然有着鲜明的印记。通过分析和比对发现，汉族的肤纹特征表现了很强的民族杂合性，是华夏民族集合的后代。换句话说，数千年来，汉族是在与各少数民族的融合中繁衍生息，而少数民族也在繁衍中与汉族进一步地融合和发展，由此证明中华民族是多元的、又是一体的：中华各民族自古以来就是一家人！
此项研究样本清晰表明，藏族的族源与古羌族等民族有关，其肤纹表现出鲜明的中华北方群特征，由此证实藏族源于我国北方民族，而并非所谓的“南来（印度）之民族”。此外，台湾高山族（原住民）的2个样本分别是人数最多的“阿美人”样本和数量很少的“噶玛兰人”样本。经过聚类分析，台湾原住民样本都聚类在北方群内，与早些年所谓“原住民源于南洋”的结论不同。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推荐原始出处：
PLoS ONE 5(1): e8783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008783
Dermatoglyphics from All Chinese Ethnic Groups Reveal Geographic Patterning
Hai-Guo Zhang1#*, Yao-Fong Chen2#, Ming Ding3#, Li Jin4, D. Troy Case5, Yun-Ping Jiao3, Xian-Ping Wang6, Chong-Xian Bai7, Gang Jin8, Jiang-Ming Yang9, Han Wang9, Jian-Bing Yuan10, Wei Huang11, Zhu-Gang Wang1, Ren-Biao Chen1
1 Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2 Institute of Human Development, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, China, 3 Yunnan Research Institute of Family Planning, Kunming, China, 4 MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 5 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America, 6 The People's Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, 7 Health Training School of Cadres, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 8 The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 9 Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China, 10 Wulumuqi Epidemic Prevention Station, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 11 Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Completion of a survey of dermatoglyphic variables for all ethnic groups in an ethnically diverse country like China is a huge research project, and an achievement that anthropological and dermatoglyphic scholars in the country could once only dream of. However, through the endeavors of scientists in China over the last 30 years, the dream has become reality. This paper reports the results of a comprehensive analysis of dermatoglyphics from all ethnic groups in China. Using cluster analysis and principal component analysis of dermatoglyphics, it has been found that Chinese populations can be generally divided into a southern group and a northern group. Furthermore, there has been considerable debate about the origins of many Chinese populations and about proper assignment of these peoples to larger ethnic groups. In this paper, we suggest that dermatoglyphic data can inform these debates by helping to classify a Chinese population as a northern or southern group, using selected reference populations and quantitative methods. This study is the first to assemble and investigate dermatoglyphics from all 56 Chinese ethnic groups. It is fortunate that data on population dermatoglyphics, a field of physical anthropology, have now been collected for all 56 Chinese ethnic groups, because intermarriage between individuals from different Chinese ethnic groups occurs more frequently in recent times, making population dermatoglyphic research an ever more challenging field of inquiry.
