芝加哥 – 据7月17日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一则研究披露,在经历过住院时需要使用血管加压药物(即可升高血压的药物)的心脏骤停的患者中,在心肺复苏时使用一种组合疗法可改善患者的存活率并使其出院时具有良好的神经功能状态。
根据文章的背景资料:“心脏骤停后的神经功能转归一直是数个随机性临床试验(RCTs)的主要终点。具有良好的神经功能性的存活率与整体存活率不同。在心脏骤停的存活者中,严重脑残疾或植物人状态的发生率在25%至50%的范围内。在从前的一个单一中心的RCT中,在进行心肺复苏(CPR)过程中组合使用血管加压素-肾上腺素,及在进行心肺复苏(CPR)过程中和之后使用皮质类固醇补充剂,与在进行心肺复苏(CPR)过程中仅使用肾上腺素且不使用类固醇相比,可改善患者在出院时的整体存活率。然而,这一初步的研究无法可靠地评估血管加压素-类固醇-肾上腺素(VES)对出院时具有良好神经功能性存活的功效。”
希腊雅典市雅典大学医学院的Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos, M.D., Ph.D.及其同事开展了一项研究,旨在确定在进行心肺复苏(CPR)过程中组合使用血管加压素-肾上腺素、及在进行心肺复苏(CPR)过程中和之后使用皮质类固醇补充剂是否会改善患者在出院时、在脑功能分类(CPC)尺度中具有良好神经功能评分的存活率。这一随机化的、有安慰剂作为对照的试验是在2008年9月至2010年10月在希腊的3个三级医疗中心内进行的;该试验包括了根据复苏指南需要用肾上腺素的268名心脏骤停的病人。
在随机化之后,患者在头5个CPR周期时或是接受加压素加肾上腺素(VSE组,n=130),或是接受盐水安慰剂加肾上腺素(对照组,n=138),并在之后按照需要给予了额外的肾上腺素。在随机化后的第一个CPR周期中,VSE组的患者会接受甲基强的松龙;对照组患者会接受盐水安慰剂。复苏后的休克会用应激剂量的氢化可的松(VSE组,n=76)进行治疗或接受盐水安慰剂(对照组,n=73)。该研究的主要转归为回复到自主循环(ROSC)达20分钟或以上并在出院时具有CPC评分1或2的存活。
VSE组的病人与对照组的病人相比有较高的20分钟或以上的ROSC的概率(109/130 [83.9%] vs. 91/138 [65.9%])。与对照组的病人相比,VSE组的病人在随访时具有较低的不良转归风险,且他们更可能在出院时活着并具有良好的神经功能恢复(18/130 [13.9%] vs. 7/138 [5.1%])。
在存活4小时或以上的人中,复苏后休克的VSE患者(n = 76) vs.相应的对照组患者(n = 73)在随访时具有较低的不良转归风险,且他们更可能在出院时存活并具有良好的神经功能恢复(16/76 [21.1%] vs. 6/73 [8.2%])。
文章的作者写道:“在这一对需要使用血管加压药物的心脏骤停患者的研究中,与肾上腺素和盐水安慰剂相比,组合使用血管加压素和肾上腺素连同在CPR时使用甲基强的松龙及在复苏后的休克中使用氢化可的松可改善患者的存活率并使其在出院时具有良好的神经功能状态。这些结果与对住院时发生的需要用血管加压药物的心脏骤停进行CPR时,VSE组合vs.仅用肾上腺素可增加治疗功效是一致的。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐英文摘要:
Jama doi:10.1001/jama.2013.7832
Vasopressin, Steroids, and Epinephrine and Neurologically Favorable Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest:
Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos, MD, PhD; Sotirios Malachias, MD; Christos Chamos, MD; Demetrios Konstantopoulos, MA; Theodora Ntaidou, MD; Androula Papastylianou, MD, PhD; Iosifinia Kolliantzaki, MD; Maria Theodoridi, MD; Helen Ischaki, MD, PhD; Dimosthemis Makris, MD, PhD; Epaminondas Zakynthinos, MD, PhD; Elias Zintzaras, MD, PhD; Sotirios Sourlas, MD; Stavros Aloizos, MD; Spyros G. Zakynthinos, MD, PhD
Importance Among patients with cardiac arrest, preliminary data have shown improved return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge with the vasopressin-steroids-epinephrine (VSE) combination.
Objective To determine whether combined vasopressin-epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and corticosteroid supplementation during and after CPR improve survival to hospital discharge with a Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2 in vasopressor-requiring, in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial performed from September 1, 2008, to October 1, 2010, in 3 Greek tertiary care centers (2400 beds) with 268 consecutive patients with cardiac arrest requiring epinephrine according to resuscitation guidelines (from 364 patients assessed for eligibility).
Interventions Patients received either vasopressin (20 IU/CPR cycle) plus epinephrine (1 mg/CPR cycle; cycle duration approximately 3 minutes) (VSE group, n=130) or saline placebo plus epinephrine (1 mg/CPR cycle; cycle duration approximately 3 minutes) (control group, n=138) for the first 5 CPR cycles after randomization, followed by additional epinephrine if needed. During the first CPR cycle after randomization, patients in the VSE group received methylprednisolone (40 mg) and patients in the control group received saline placebo. Shock after resuscitation was treated with stress-dose hydrocortisone (300 mg daily for 7 days maximum and gradual taper) (VSE group, n=76) or saline placebo (control group, n=73).
Main Outcomes and Measures Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for 20 minutes or longer and survival to hospital discharge with a CPC score of 1 or 2.
Results Follow-up was completed in all resuscitated patients. Patients in the VSE group vs patients in the control group had higher probability for ROSC of 20 minutes or longer (109/130 [83.9%] vs 91/138 [65.9%]; odds ratio [OR], 2.98; 95% CI, 1.39-6.40; P=.005) and survival to hospital discharge with CPC score of 1 or 2 (18/130 [13.9%] vs 7/138 [5.1%]; OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.17-9.20; P=.02). Patients in the VSE group with postresuscitation shock vs corresponding patients in the control group had higher probability for survival to hospital discharge with CPC scores of 1 or 2 (16/76 [21.1%] vs 6/73 [8.2%]; OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.20-11.62; P=.02), improved hemodynamics and central venous oxygen saturation, and less organ dysfunction. Adverse event rates were similar in the 2 groups.
Conclusion and Relevance Among patients with cardiac arrest requiring vasopressors, combined vasopressin-epinephrine and methylprednisolone during CPR and stress-dose hydrocortisone in postresuscitation shock, compared with epinephrine/saline placebo, resulted in improved survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurological status.