生物谷报道:美国洛克菲勒大学和艾伦戴蒙德艾滋病研究中心(ADARC)的科学家在人类细胞表面确定了一种可阻止艾滋病病毒扩散的蛋白质分子(tetherin),此项发现有望为病毒学研究开启一个全新的领域,并为未来的药物研究铺平道路。
两年前,作为逆转录病毒实验室主任和ADARC的科学家鲍尔·比埃尼亚斯发现,通过使用一种称为Vpu的蛋白质,正常的HIV-1颗粒才可从粘膜表面脱落。之后,比埃尼亚斯一直在寻找HIV-1颗粒与细胞间凝胶的来源。在近期英国《自然》杂志的网络版上,比埃尼亚斯和他的同事发表报告称,他们已发现了这样一种能使病毒紧系在细胞上的蛋白,并称其命名为“tetherin”。这种蛋白质可将病毒颗粒附着在母细胞的外膜上,使它们好像被胶水粘在那里,从而有助于阻止艾滋病病毒(HIV)突变株的扩散。
为追踪这种蛋白,比埃尼亚斯研究小组详细检查了已知人类基因的基因活性,并对那些需要Vpu才能使HIV释放的细胞和那些不需要Vpu的细胞进行比较。最后,他们将范围缩小到一个非常有可能的候选者。这个候选者就是tetherin,它通过了研究人员对它进行的所有测试:当tetherin出现而Vpu不出现时,有大量的病毒颗粒堆积在细胞表面;而当tetherin缺失时,即使带有不足量Vpu的病毒都得以逃离。
研究人员称,自此他们发现了细胞自身防御病毒的一种新方法,这将为病毒学研究开启一个新领域:这类蛋白如何对抗其他病毒,病毒又如何学会逃避它。下一步,研究人员将把重点放在tetherin的抗病毒活性到底有多广,是否有对HIV或其他病毒可提供额外免疫性和敏感性的变种存在。如果药物研究人员能够对tetherin和Vpu的互动进行干预,那么新发现的蛋白质甚至可能提供一个潜在的治疗方向。(来源:科技日报 冯卫东)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
Nature 451, 425-430 (24 January 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature06553; Received 14 November 2007; Accepted 17 December 2007; Published online 16 January 2008; Corrected 24 January 2008
Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu
Stuart J. D. Neil1, Trinity Zang1 & Paul D. Bieniasz1
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center and Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
Correspondence to: Paul D. Bieniasz1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.D.B (Email: pbienias@adarc.org).
Abstract
Human cells possess an antiviral activity that inhibits the release of retrovirus particles, and other enveloped virus particles, and is antagonized by the HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpu. This antiviral activity can be constitutively expressed or induced by interferon-, and it consists of protein-based tethers, which we term 'tetherins', that cause retention of fully formed virions on infected cell surfaces. Using deductive constraints and gene expression analyses, we identify CD317 (also called BST2 or HM1.24), a membrane protein of previously unknown function, as a tetherin. Specifically, CD317 expression correlated with, and induced, a requirement for Vpu during HIV-1 and murine leukaemia virus particle release. Furthermore, in cells where HIV-1 virion release requires Vpu expression, depletion of CD317 abolished this requirement. CD317 caused retention of virions on cell surfaces and, after endocytosis, in CD317-positive compartments. Vpu co-localized with CD317 and inhibited these effects. Inhibition of Vpu function and consequent mobilization of tetherin's antiviral activity is a potential therapeutic strategy in HIV/AIDS.