4月9日,分子细胞蛋白质组学杂志Molecular & Cellular Proteomics在线发表了中科院生物物理研究所刘平生研究组的成果,首次纯化了线虫脂滴并完成了蛋白质组学研究,确定了线虫脂滴的标记蛋白。
脂滴是生物体内脂质存储的主要场所,从原核生物细菌到高等动物人都有脂滴的存在。脂代谢的异常会导致动脉粥样硬化和糖尿病在内的多种代谢类疾病。由于与高等动物基因的高度同源性以及操作手段的多样性,线虫已经成为研究脂代谢的重要模式生物。但是,线虫不表达perilipin家族蛋白,因而,线虫中性脂的存储形式以及检测手段一直都存在争议。
2003年,Gary Ruvkun实验室在Nature发表文章,采用尼罗红染料标记了线虫脂滴,这项手段被广泛采用。然而,2009年Gary Ruvkun实验室又在Cell Metabolism指出,尼罗红并不是真正线虫脂滴染色,而染的是溶酶体相关细胞器(LRO)。同年,Nature的一篇题为C. elegans fat stores: Misled by Nile red的文章专门报道了这个问题。2003年至2009年的6年时间,采用尼罗红染料标记线虫脂滴方法研究的相关基因达400多个,这些文章普遍遭到质疑。
刘平生课题组利用生化手段纯化了线虫脂滴,通过质谱的方法找到了线虫脂滴的主要蛋白DHS-3,制备了抗体,用免疫印迹手段揭示DHS-3几乎只存在于脂滴组分。体内和体外GFP融合蛋白实验都进一步将DHS-3定位在脂滴上。这一发现能够为线虫脂滴的研究提供重要标记,将极大地推动线虫脂质代谢的研究。
本研究由刘平生研究组和首都师范大学张绍兵研究组合作完成。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1074/mcp.M111.016345
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Proteomic study and marker protein identification of caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets
Peng Zhang1, Huimin Na1, Zhenglong Liu1, Shuyan Zhang1, Peng Xue1, Yong Chen1, Jing Pu1, Gong Peng1, Xun Huang1, Fuquan Yang1, Zhensheng Xie1, Tao Xu1, Pingyong Xu1, Guangshuo Ou1, Shaobing O. Zhang2 and Pingsheng Liu1
Lipid droplets (LDs) are a neutral lipid storage organelle that is conserved across almost all species. Many metabolic syndromes are directly linked to the over-storage of neutral lipids in LDs. The study of LDs in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been difficult since the lack of specific LD marker proteins. Here we report the purification and proteomic analysis of C. elegans lipid droplets for the first time. We identified 430 proteins, 36.7% of these proteins were previously known to be LD-proteins, suggesting a similarity between mammalian and C. elegans LDs. Using morphological and biochemical analyses, we show that short-chain dehydrogenases, DHS-3 is almost exclusively localized on C. elegans LDs, indicating that it can be used as a LD marker protein in C. elegans. These results will facilitate further mechanistic studies of LDs in this powerful genetic system, C. elegans.