纽约西奈山医疗中心一项新的研究表明:反复接触可卡因会降低大脑中枢系统的正常运作所必需的蛋白质的活性,从而提高了中枢对可卡因的依赖性,从而导致成瘾发生。相关研究论文发表在4月22日的Nature Neuroscience杂志上,该研究揭示了可卡因是如何改变小鼠模型中大脑神经元中枢形状和大小的。
反复接触可卡因会降低大脑中枢系统的正常运作所必需的蛋白质的表达,从而提高了中枢对可卡因的利用率,刺激成瘾性的产生。使用蛋白质的实时光活化形式光即遗传学技术,研究者发现阻止大脑中枢中心反复暴露于可卡因环境下。尽管将研究结果从动物模型上开展到人身上有许多步骤要完成,但研究人员表示这一发现为治疗可卡因成瘾提供了一个新的研究方向。
西奈山医学院大脑研究所Eric Nestler博士表示:可卡因成瘾没有实质性的药物治疗方案,只有心理治疗和一些疫苗等。Rac1存在于小鼠、大鼠,猴子和人体内的许多细胞中,它参与控制神经细胞的生长。
研究者敲除或“删除”调控Rac1生成的基因,或注射病毒以提高Rac1的表达。
Nestler博士说:这项研究为我们了解可卡因如何影响大脑中枢,以及大脑中枢是如何被修复的提供了新的思路。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nn.3094
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Rac1 is essential in cocaine-induced structural plasticity of nucleus accumbens neurons
David M Dietz,Haosheng Sun,Mary Kay Lobo,Michael E Cahill,Benjamin Chadwick,Virginia Gao,Ja Wook Koo,Michelle S Mazei-Robison,Caroline Dias,Ian Maze,et al.
Repeated cocaine administration increases the dendritic arborization of nucleus accumbens neurons, but the underlying signaling events remain unknown. Here we show that repeated exposure to cocaine negatively regulates the active form of Rac1, a small GTPase that controls actin remodeling in other systems. Further, we show, using viral-mediated gene transfer, that overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of Rac1 or local knockout of Rac1 is sufficient to increase the density of immature dendritic spines on nucleus accumbens neurons, whereas overexpression of a constitutively active Rac1 or light activation of a photoactivatable form of Rac1 blocks the ability of repeated cocaine exposure to produce this effect. Downregulation of Rac1 activity likewise promotes behavioral responses to cocaine exposure, with activation of Rac1 producing the opposite effect. These findings establish that Rac1 signaling mediates structural and behavioral plasticity in response to cocaine exposure.