据国外媒体报道,日本的一个基因研究小组日前称,他们进行的最新的DNA比较研究表明人类和猿类之间这所以存在着如此巨大的差异是因为人类与猿类的基因都一点微小的差异,而这一点点差异就起到了决定性的作用。
负责这项研究工作的是来自日本横滨RIKEN基因科学研究中心的科学家们,他们把研究的成果发表在了《自然》杂志上。文章称,虽然从基因的比较结果来看,人类和猿类的基因有98.5都是相同的,但就是那剩下的1.5%决定了人类和猿类的本质不同。
参与了这项研究工作的科学家阿萨奥·福吉亚玛(音)称,“显而易见,人类与猿类之间的差异虽然很小,但是其所导致的后果却远非我们所能够想像。”目前这项研究工作还在进一步深入,科学家们希望能够通过DNA的比对发现人类和猿存在差异的根本原因。
此外,科学家们还有另一个重要的研究目标,那就是找出人类和猿类共同祖先的基因密码。按照现代进化理论,人类和猿类的共同祖先大约生活在600到700万年前。如果这一目标得以实现的话,那么对于证实地球的生物进化史和人类的形成都具有非常重要的意义。
部分英文原文:
DNA sequence and comparative analysis of chimpanzee chromosome 22
Watanabe, H.; Fujiyama, A.; Hattori, M.; Taylor, T. D.; Toyoda, A.; Kuroki, Y.; Noguchi, H.; BenKahla, A.; Lehrach, H.; Sudbrak, R.; Kube, M.; Taenzer, S.; Galgoczy, P.; Platzer, M.; Scharfe, M.; Nordsiek, G.; Blöcker, H.; Hellmann, I.; Khaitovich, P.; Pääbo, S.; Reinhardt, R.; Zheng, H.-J.; Zhang, X.-L.; Zhu, G.-F.; Wang, B.-F.; Fu, G.; Ren, S.-X.; Zhao, G.-P.; Chen, Z.; Lee, Y.-S.; Cheong, J.-E.; Choi, S.-H.; Wu, K.-M.; Liu, T.-T.; Hsiao, K.-J.; Tsai, S.-F.; Kim, C.-G.; OOta, S.; Kitano, T.; Kohara, Y.; Saitou, N.; Park, H.-S.; Wang, S.-Y.; Yaspo, M.-L.; Sakaki, Y.;
Abstract
Human-chimpanzee comparative genome research is essential for narrowing down genetic changes involved in the acquisition of unique human features, such as highly developed cognitive functions, bipedalism or the use of complex language. Here, we report the high-quality DNA sequence of 33.3 megabases of chimpanzee chromosome 22. By comparing the whole sequence with the human counterpart, chromosome 21, we found that 1.44% of the chromosome consists of single-base substitutions in addition to nearly 68,000 insertions or deletions. These differences are sufficient to generate changes in most of the proteins. Indeed, 83% of the 231 coding sequences, including functionally important genes, show differences at the amino acid sequence level. Furthermore, we demonstrate different expansion of particular subfamilies of retrotransposons between the lineages, suggesting different impacts of retrotranspositions on human and chimpanzee evolution. The genomic changes after speciation and their biological consequences seem more complex than originally hypothesized.
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