中科院昆明动物所“百人计划”宿兵研究员的实验室(助理研究员石宏)与我所海外团队卢欣教授(英国牛津大学路德维格癌症研究所所长)合作研究发现,在东亚人群中,p53基因第72位的序列变异(脯氨酸变为精氨酸)同纬度密切相关,即纬度越高,其所在纬度人群中精氨酸等位基因的频率越高。进一步的分析证实,这种相关性是由于不同纬度在冬季的气温差异造成的。在细胞水平的功能实验表明,p53的两种等位基因对其代谢通路中的LIF基因的活性影响程度不同,从而可能最终导致不同等位基因对胚胎着床成功率的影响。这可能是东亚现代人在史前由南向北迁徙过程中为应对环境变化而发生的适应性改变。另外,他们的研究还发现,Mdm2所受的选择压力同p53不同,它主要源于对不同地区紫外线强度差异的适应。这项研究首次揭示,像p53和Mdm2这样感受环境压力的关键基因,在东亚人群中受到了很强的自然选择的影响。
p53基因不仅是人类基因组中最重要的抗癌基因,同时它也是机体感受环境压力并进行相应调节的关键基因之一。p53在进化上是非常保守的,并且在通常情况下表达水平很低。在p53的代谢通路中,Mdm2是p53的主要负调节因子,它和p53之间通过类似“阴阳消长”的形式相互调控从而使细胞机能处于平衡状态。在人群中,p53和Mdm2各有一个具有功能效应的序列多态位点,它们会影响这两个基因的表达及其活性水平。
此研究结果的论文已发表于著名人类遗传学杂志-《美国人类遗传学》(American Journal of Human Genetics)。该项研究成果不仅有助于了解人群遗传结构的适应机制,同时也将为癌症等人类重大疾病的流行病学研究提供重要的信息。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
The American Journal of Human Genetics, 02 April 2009 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.03.009
Winter Temperature and UV Are Tightly Linked to Genetic Changes in the p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway in Eastern Asia
Hong Shi1,Si-jie Tan2,Hua Zhong3,Wenwei Hu4,Arnold Levine4,Chun-jie Xiao2,Yi Peng1,Xue-bin Qi1,Wei-hua Shou2,Run-lin Z. Ma3,Yi Li5,Bing Su1,,andXin Lu1,6
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology and Kunming Primate Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China
2 Human Genetics Centre, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
3 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
4 Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08540, USA
5 Qujing Normal College, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, PR China
6 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
The tumor suppressor p53 is a master sensor of stress. Two human-specific polymorphisms, p53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP309, influence the activities of p53. There is a tight association between cold winter temperature and p53 Arg72 and between low UV intensity and MDM2 SNP309 G/G in a cohort of 4029 individuals across Eastern Asia that suggests causative selection. Moreover, the two polymorphisms are not coselected. Haplotype-based selection analysis further suggests that this is a striking example of two functional polymorphisms being strongly selected for in human populations in response to environmental stresses.