不同国家的人群之间存在基因差异,这一点已被科学家证实,而英国的一项最新研究显示,即使同一国家不同地区的居民,其基因也存在差异。通过简单的基因测试,即可准确地测定今日城市居民的先祖起源。
世界上每个人的指纹都不尽相同,这种“唯一性”成为其身份的标志。不同人之间基因也不相同,这种差异可像指纹一样具有“唯一性”,因而被形象地称为基因指纹。过去认为,不同国家的人的基因指纹具有明显差异,通过基因检测,可推断出一个人的祖先是生活在意大利还是西班牙。而相近两地居民是否存在基因指纹的差异,一直未被证实。
为了确认一个国家相近两地居民是否具有不同的基因指纹,英国爱丁堡大学的研究人员对来自英国苏格兰群岛、意大利阿尔卑斯山区和克罗地亚农村的志愿者基因进行了分析。为了确保其先祖发源地的确定性,这些志愿者的祖父母和外祖父母皆来自同一村庄,且志愿者之间没有任何亲缘关系。研究结果表明,相距不到5英里的两个村庄的居民,都会有自己独特的基因指纹。通过基因测试,研究人员准确地判定出志愿者的先祖居地,其中对意大利志愿者的判定准确率是100%,对苏格兰志愿者的判定准确率是96%,而对克罗地亚志愿者的判定准确率稍低,也达到了89%。生 物谷启用新域名 www.bioon.net
研究人员认为,很久以前,人们倾向于在自己居住地就近通婚,经过许多世代,不同村庄的居民便有了他们自己独特的遗传指纹。因此,今天的科学家才可以通过基因测试来发现遥远的亲属关系。该研究成果发表在《欧洲人类遗传学杂志》上。(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推荐原文出处:
European Journal of Human Genetics doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.92
Genes predict village of origin in rural Europe
Colm O'Dushlaine1, Ruth McQuillan2, Michael E Weale3, Daniel J M Crouch3, ?sa Johansson4, Yurii Aulchenko5, Christopher S Franklin2, Ozren Pola?ek6, Christian Fuchsberger7, Aiden Corvin1, Andrew A Hicks7, Veronique Vitart8, Caroline Hayward8, Sarah H Wild2, Thomas Meitinger9,10, Cornelia M van Duijn5, Ulf Gyllensten4, Alan F Wright8, Harry Campbell2, Peter P Pramstaller7, Igor Rudan2,6,11 and James F Wilson2
1Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
2Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
3Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
4Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
5Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
6Gen-Info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
7Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy (EURAC), Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
8MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
9Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
10Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit?t München, München, Germany
11Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
The genetic structure of human populations is important in population genetics, forensics and medicine. Using genome-wide scans and individuals with all four grandparents born in the same settlement, we here demonstrate remarkable geographical structure across 8–30?km in three different parts of rural Europe. After excluding close kin and inbreeding, village of origin could still be predicted correctly on the basis of genetic data for 89–100% of individuals.